英文摘要
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This study was aimed to analyze the effects of substituted-mathematics instruction on calculation and word problems of division for elementary students with mathematics learning difficulties. The research method was a multiple probe design across participants. Three participants were 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-graders with mathematics learning difficulties. Data were presented through graphic method and visual inspection to analyze the effects of substituted- mathematics instruction. The results of this study indicated that substituted-mathematics instruction had immediate and maintenance effects on calculation and word problems of division for the students with mathematics learning difficulties. The intervention was more effective for division calculation than word problems in terms of accuracy and fluency. Three students with mathematics learning difficulties had different responses to substituted- mathematics instruction. Flexible use of substituted strategies was important for successfully executing this math program.
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