题名

前瞻性人格與職涯成功之模型探討－追求成就動機的中介

并列篇名

Proactive Personality and Career Success: The Mediating Effect of Achievement Striving

作者

陳春希(Chun-Hsi Chen)；林秋慧(Chiu- Hui Lin)

关键词

前瞻性人格 ； 職涯成功 ； 追求成就動機 ； 旅館業 ； proactive personality ； career success ； achievement striving motivation ； hotel industry

期刊名称

東海管理評論

卷期/出版年月

20卷1期（2018 / 07 / 01）

页次

97 - 130

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

本研究旨在探討旅館業員工職涯成功之模型架構，以獨特個體差異－前瞻性人格特質（proactive personality）與追求成就（achievement striving）之動機為理論基礎，試圖從人格特質面向瞭解對客觀、主觀職涯成功之關係（包括薪資、職涯升遷、職涯滿意度），並探討追求成就動機的中介效果。以台灣國際觀光旅館之員工為調查對象，採便利抽樣法，共收集225份有效樣本，利用結構方程模式進行實證分析。研究結果顯示（1）前瞻性人格特質與員工的主觀成功（職涯滿意度）具直接影響效果；（2）員工追求成就動機之認知在前瞻性人格與客觀職涯成功（薪資、升遷次數）間具完全中介效果；（3）員工追求成就動機之認知在前瞻性人格與主觀職涯成功（職涯滿意度）間不具顯著中介效果。本研究結果有助於職涯成功模型建立之相關知識，實務應用上不僅應強調員工內在之前瞻性人格特質，還需關注組織藉由外部措施進而強化員工追求成就的動機，以協助員工職涯發展上的成功。最後，依據研究結果提出討論、管理實務意涵、研究限制與後續研究之建議。
英文摘要

This study explored the career success model of employees in the hotel industry and used unique individual differences (i.e., employees' proactive personality and achievement striving motivation) as the theoretical basis to investigate the effect of employees' personality on their subjective and objective perceptions of career success (e.g., salary, number of promotions, and career satisfaction). In addition, this study examined the mediating effect of employees' achievement striving motivation. This study examined international hotel employees as the research subjects, and adopted convenience sampling to collect 225 valid samples. Using the structural equation modeling, an empirical analysis was conducted on the valid samples. The study results are as follows: 1. Proactive personality had a direct effect on employees' subjective perception of career success (i.e., career satisfaction); 2. Achievement striving motivation completely mediated the relationship between employees' proactive personality and their objective perception of career success (i.e., salary and number of promotions); 3. Achievement striving motivation did not significantly mediate the relationship between employees' proactive personality and their subjective perception of career success (i.e., career satisfaction). The results of this study provide relevant information for building career success models. In practice, a company should pay attention to not only employees' proactive personality (an internal factor), but also to how measures adopted by the company (an external factor) can strengthen employees' achievement striving motivation in order to help employees achieve career success. A discussion was proposed based on the study results, and practical management implications, study limitations, and recommendations for subsequent studies were provided.
主题分类 社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 陳佳雯,陸洛,許雅玉(2012)。工作要求、工作資源與員工工作態度之關聯：以勤勉審慎性急主動性人格為調節變項。人力資源管理學報，12(1)，23-49。
    連結：
  2. 彭台光,高月慈,林鉦棽(2006)。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質，影響，測試和補救。管理學報，23(1)，77-98。
    連結：
  3. Allen, D. G.,Shore, L. M.,Griffeth, R. W.(2003).The Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices in the Turnover Process.Journal of Management,29(1),99-118.
  4. Arthur, M. B.(Ed.),Hall, D. T.(Ed.),Lawrence, B. S.(Ed.)(1989).Handbook of career theory.New York, NY, US:Cambridge University Press.
  5. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.
  6. Barrick, M. R.,Mitchell, T. R.,Stewart, G. L.(2003).Situational and motivational influences on trait-behavior relationships.Personality and work: Reconsidering the role of personality in organizations,San Francisco:
  7. Barrick, M. R.,Parks, L.,Mount, M. K.(2005).Self­Monitoring as a moderator of the relationships between personality traits and performance.Personnel Psychology,58(3),745-767.
  8. Barrick, M. R.,Stewart, G. L.,Piotrowski, M.(2002).Personality and Job Performance: Test of the Mediating Effects of Motivation Among Sales Representatives.Journal of Applied Psychology,87(1),43-51.
  9. Bateman, T. S.,Crant, J. M.(1993).The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates.Journal of Organizational Behavior,14(2),103-118.
  10. Baum, T.,Amoha, V.,Spivack, S.(1997).Policy dimensions of human resource management in the tourism and hospitality industries.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,9(5/6),221-229.
  11. Becker, G. S.(1975).Human capital.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  12. Bloch, D.P.(2005).Complexity, chaos, and nonlinear dynamics: a new perspective on career development theory.The Career Development Quarterly,53(3),194-207.
  13. Bollen, K. A.,Stine, R.(1990).Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability.Sociological Methodology,20,115-140.
  14. Boudreau, J. W.,Boswell, W. R.,Judge, T. A.(2001).Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe.Journal of vocational behavior,58(1),53-81.
  15. Brewer, M. B.,Gardner, W.(1996).Who is this" We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations.Journal of personality and social psychology,71(1),83.
  16. Burke, R. J.(2001).Organizational values, work experiences and satisfactions among managerial and professional women.Journal of Management Development,20(4),346-354.
  17. Chen, C. F.,Kao, Y. L.(2014).Investigating the moderating effects of service climate on personality, motivation, social support, and performance among flight attendants.Tourism Management,44,58-66.
  18. Crant, J. M.(1995).The Proactive Personality Scale and objective job performance among real estate agents.Journal of Applied Psychology,80(4),532-537.
  19. Crant, J. M.(1996).The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions.Journal of small business management,34(3),42.
  20. Crant, J. M.(2000).Proactive behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,26,435-462.
  21. Crant, J. M.,Bateman, T. S.(2000).Charismatic leadership viewed from above: The impact of proactive personality.Journal of organizational Behavior,21(1),63-75.
  22. Erdogan, B.,Bauer, T. N.(2005).Enhancing career benefits of employee proactive personality: The role of fit with jobs and organizations.Personnel Psychology,58(4),859-891.
  23. Finegold, D.,Wagner, K.,Mason, G.(2000).National skill-creation systems and career paths for service workers: hotels in the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom.International Journal of Human Resource Management,11(3),497-516.
  24. Frese, M.,Fay, D.(2001).Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century.Research in Organizational Behavior,23,133-187.
  25. Fuller, J. B.,Marler, L. E.(2009).Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature.Journal of Vocational Behavior,75,329-345.
  26. Garbarino, E.,Johnson, M. S.(1999).The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships.Journal of Marketing,70-87.
  27. Greenhaus, J. H.,Parasuraman, S.,Wormley, W. M.(1990).Effects of Race on Organizational Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes.Academy of Management Journal,33(1),64-86.
  28. Greguras, G. J.,Diefendorff, J. M.(2010).Why does proactive personality predict employee life satisfaction and work behaviors? A field investigation of the mediating role of the self­concordance model.Personnel Psychology,63(3),539-560.
  29. Hair, J. F.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W. C.(1998).Multivariate Data Analysis.Englewood Cliff. New Jersey, USA.:
  30. Hair, J. F.,Black, W. C.,Babin, B. J.,Anderson, R. E.(2009).Multivariate Data Analysis.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  31. Harackiewicz, J.M.,Barron, K.E.,Elliot, A.J.(1998).Rethinking achievement goals: when are they adaptive for college students and why?.Educational Psychologist,33(1),1-21.
  32. Hayes, A. F.(2009).Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium.Communication Monographs,76(4),408-420.
  33. Hjalager, A.,Andersen, S.(2000).Tourism employment: contingent work or professional career?.7th ATLAS International Conference,Savonlinna, Finland:
  34. Hogan, J.,Holland, B.(2003).Using theory to evaluate personality and job-performance relations: a socioanalytic perspective.J Appl Psychol,88(1),100-112.
  35. Hogan, R.(1996).A socioanalytic perspective on the five-factor model.The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives,New York:
  36. Horng, J. S.,Tsai, C. Y.,Yang, T. C.,Liu, C. H.,Hu, D. C.(2016).Exploring the relationship between proactive personality, work environment and employee creativity among tourism and hospitality employees.International Journal of Hospitality Management,54,25-34.
  37. Ilies, R.,Judge, T. A.(2003).On the heritability of job satisfaction: The mediating role of personality.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,750-759.
  38. Judge, T. A.,Bretz, R. D., Jr(1994).Political influence behavior and career success.Journal of management,20(1),43-65.
  39. Judge, T. A.,Cable, D. M.,Boudreau, J. W.,Bretz, R. D.(1995).An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success.Personnel psychology,48(3),485-519.
  40. Judge, T. A.,Higgins, C. A.,Thoresen, C. J.,Barrick, M. R.(1999).The big five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span.Personnel psychology,52(3),621-652.
  41. Kanfer, R.,Ackerman, P.(2000).Individual differences in work motivation: Further explorations of a trait framework.Applied Psychology,49(3),470-482.
  42. Karatepe, O. M.,Uludag, O.,Menevis, I.,Hadzimehmedagic, L.,Baddar, L.(2006).The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction.Tourism Management,27(4),547-560.
  43. Kirkman, B. L.,Rosen, B.(1999).Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment.Academy of Management Journal,42(1),58-74.
  44. Kline, R. B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:Guilford.
  45. Kong, H.,Cheung, C.,Song, H.(2012).From hotel career management to employees’ career satisfaction: The mediating effect of career competency.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1),76-85.
  46. Lee, F. K.,Sheldon, K. M.,Turban, D. B.(2003).Personality and the goal-striving process: the influence of achievement goal patterns, goal level, and mental focus on performance and enjoyment.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(2),256.
  47. Lomax, R. G.,Schumacker, R. E.(2012).A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling.New York, NY:Routledge Academic.
  48. Lundberg, C.,Gudmundson, A.,Andersson, T. D.(2009).Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism.Tourism Management,30,890-899.
  49. MacCallum, R. C.,Hong, S.(1997).Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI.Multivariate Behavioral Research,32(2),193-210.
  50. MacKinnon, D. P.(2008).Introduction to statistical mediation analysis.Routledge.
  51. MacKinnon, D. P.,Lockwood, C. M.,Williams, J.(2004).Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods.Multivariate behavioral research,39(1),99-128.
  52. Maurer, T. J.,Chapman, E. F.(2013).Ten years of career success in relation to individual and situational variables from the employee development literature.Journal of Vocational Behavior,83(3),450-465.
  53. McCabe, V.S.(2008).Strategies for career planning and development in the convention and exhibition industry in Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,27,222-231.
  54. Mitchell, T. R.(1997).Matching motivational strategies with organizational contexts.Research in organizational behavior,19,57-149.
  55. Ng, T. H.,Eby, L. T.,Sorensen, K. L.,Feldman, D. C.(2005).Predictors of objective and subjective career success. A meta-analysis.Personnel Psychology,58(2),367-408.
  56. Parker, S. K.,Williams, H. M.,Turner, N.(2006).Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work.Journal of applied psychology,91(3),636.
  57. Peluchette, E. V. J.(1993).Subjective career success: The influence of individual difference, family, and organizational variables.Journal of Vocational Behavior,43,198-208.
  58. Powell, G. N.,Mainiero, L. A.(1992).Cross-currents in the river of time: conceptualizing the complexities of women's careers.Journal of Management,18(2),215-237.
  59. Rhoades, L.,Eisenberger, R.(2002).Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature.Journal of Applied Psychology,87(4),698-714.
  60. Rode, J. C.,Arthaud­Day, M. L.,Mooney, C. H.,Near, J. P.,Baldwin, T. T.(2008).Ability and personality predictors of salary, perceived job success, and perceived career success in the initial career stage.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,16(3),292-299.
  61. Seibert, S. E.,Kraimer, M. L.(2001).The five-factor model of personality and career success.Journal of vocational behavior,58(1),1-21.
  62. Seibert, S. E.,Kraimer, M. L.,Crant, J. M.(2001).What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success.Personnel psychology,54(4),845-874.
  63. Seibert, S. E.,Kraimer, M. L.,Liden, R. C.(2001).A social capital theory of career success.Academy of Management Journal,44(2),219-237.
  64. Seibert, S.E.,Crant, J.M.,Kraimer, M.L.(1999).Proactive personality and career success.Journal of Applied Psychology,84(3),416-427.
  65. Sheldon, K. M.,Elliot, A. J.(1999).Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: the self-concordance model.Journal of personality and social psychology,76(3),482.
  66. Sheldon, K. M.,Elliot, A. J.,Ryan, R. M.,Chirkov, V.,Kim, Y.,Wu, C.,Demir, M.,Sun, Z.(2004).Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures.Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology,35(2),209-223.
  67. Shore, L. M.,Tetrick, L. E.(1991).A construct validity study of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support.Journal of Applied Psychology,76(5),637-643.
  68. Sobel, M. E.(1986).Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure models.Sociological Methodology,Washington, DC:
  69. Sobel, M. E.(1982).Aysmptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models.Sociological Methodology,San Francisco:
  70. Staw, B. M.,Cohen­Charash, Y.(2005).The dispositional approach to job satisfaction: More than a mirage, but not yet an oasis.Journal of Organizational Behavior,26(1),59-78.
  71. Stober, D. R.(Ed.),Grant, A. M.(Ed.)(2006).Evidence-based coaching handbook.New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons.
  72. Stone, C. A.,Sobel, M. E.(1990).The robustness of estimates of total indirect effects in covariance structure models estimated by maximum.Psychometrika,55(2),337-352.
  73. Sutin, A. R.,Costa, P. T.,Miech, R.,Eaton, W. W.(2009).Personality and career success: Concurrent and longitudinal relations.European journal of personality,23(2),71-84.
  74. Taylor, M. S.,Walsh, K.(2005).Retaining Management Talent: What Hospitality Professionals Want From Their Jobs.Cornell University, School of Hotel Administration, The Center for Hospitality Research.
  75. Tolentino, L. R.,Garcia, P. R. J. M.,Lu, V. N.,Restubog, S. L. D.,Bordia, P.,Plewa, C.(2014).Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(1),39-48.
  76. Turban, D. B.,Dougherty, T. W.(1994).Role of protégé personality in receipt of mentoring and career success.Academy of Management journal,37(3),688-702.
  77. Van Yperen, N.W.,Janssen, O.(2002).Fatigued and dissatisfied or fatigued but satisfied? Goal orientations and responses to high job demands.Academy of Management Journal,45(6),1161-1171.
  78. Wang, Y. F.(2013).Constructing career competency model of hospitality industry employees for career success.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(7),994-1016.
  79. Wayne, S. J.,Liden, R. C.,Kraimer, M. L.,Graf, I. K.(1999).The role of human capital, motivation and supervisor sponsorship in predicting career success.Journal of Organizational Behavior,20(5),577-595.
  80. Yang, F.,Chau, R.(2016).Proactive personality and career success.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(2),467-482.
  81. Yang, Fu,Chau, Rebecca(2016).Proactive personality and career success.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(2),467-482.
  82. 王瑤芬(2005)。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所。
  83. 張珈禎(2014)。中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
  84. 龔盟裕(2007)。國立高雄應用科技大學觀光與餐旅管理研究所。
print cancel