题名

台灣地區青少年節制飲食行爲及其影響因素初探

并列篇名

The Restrained Eating Behavior of Taiwanese Adolescents-A Preliminary Study

DOI

10.6246/JHEE.200408_(6).0001

作者

林薇(Wei Lin)；林宜親(Yi-Chin Lin)

关键词

青少年 ； 節制飲食 ； 體型意識 ； adolescence ； body figure ； body image ； dietary restraint

期刊名称

家政教育學報

卷期/出版年月

6期（2004 / 08 / 01）

页次

1 - 21

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

節制飲食是指有自覺的傾向限制進食，以預防體重的增加或促使體重減少，國外學者指出，節制飲食在孩子12歲時即已相當顯著。社會文化強調瘦即是美，使得青少年，尤其是青少女追求一個多數人無法達到的纖瘦體型。對身體的不滿意度、對體重的關注程度，成為飲食障礙發生之重要危險因素。本研究以台灣地區國小六年級及國中學生為研究對象，抽取國中19校、國小8校，以郵寄方式委託教師以班級為單位進行團體施測，得到有效樣本共822份。研究問卷包含「個人背景資料」、「多向度身體和自我關係量表」、「三因子飲食量表」、「體型受嘲笑量表」四部分。主要分析方法為卡方考驗和階層式迴歸分析。研究結果發現，青少女對體型不滿意者(35.7%)較青少男(22.8%)要多，且不論實際體型為何，多數(82.5%)青少男及青少女(72.8%)期望正常體型，但有許多(25.8%)青少女期望偏瘦之體型。男女青少女均有相當高的比例為高度飲食節制者(男26.8%，女39.2%)，青少女飲食知覺節制程度顯著高於青少男；但男女青少年飲食失控情形皆低（男0.5%，女3.1%)，也沒有顯著差異。在飢餓反應程度方面，青少女之反應程度較青少男低（男9.2%，女6.1%）。在背景變項中之「崇拜偶像身材」、「體型受嘲笑經驗」，在體型意識變項中之「對體型之過度關注」及「外表取向」二個面向，是影響節制飲食行為之最主要的變項，他們除了影響飲食知覺節制行為外，也影響飲食失控行為及飢餓的反應程度。
英文摘要

Restrained eating refers to the tendency to restrict food intake consciously in order to prevent weight gain or to promote weight loss. Dieting and other efforts to control body weight have become increasingly popular in western societies, even in the 12-year-olds. Cultural ideals for beauty emphasize a slender body shape of prepubertal development that is unattainable for most adolescents and women after puberty. Body dissatisfaction and overweight preoccupation are the major risk factors of eating disorders. The purpose of this study is to understand adolescents′ body image and dietary restraint. A total of 822 students from 19 Junior high schools and 8 elementary schools completed a self-administered questionnaire which includes demographic information, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), teasing experience scale. The results showed that female adolescents (35.7%) have higher degree of body dissatisfaction than male adolescents (22.8%). In spite of actual body figure, the majority (82.5%) of adolescent boys and girls (72.8%) expected a normal body figure, but there were 25.8% of adolescent girls expected a slim body figure. A relatively large percentage of adolescents(26.8% in male, 39.2% in female) showed high degree of cognitive restraint of eating, but only small percentage of adolescents showed high degree of disinhibition (0.5% in male, 3.1% in female) or hunger (9.2% in male, 6.1% in female). Being teased, admiring the figure of models, higher degree of overweight preoccupation and appearance orientation are the major predictors of adolescents′ cognitive restrained eating behavior, also disinhibition and hunger.
主题分类 社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. Attie, I,Brooks-Gunn, J.(1989).Development of eating problems in adolescent girls: A longitudinal study.Development Psychology,25,70-79.
  2. Bostic, J. Q.,Muriel, A. C.,Hack, S.,Weinstein, S.,Herzog, D.(1997).Anorexia nervosa in a 7-year-old-girl.Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,18(5),331-333.
  3. Cash, T. F.(1994).The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire.
  4. Cash, T. F.,Henry, P.E.(1995).Women`s body images: The results of a National Survey in the U.S.A..Sex Roles,33(1-2),19-28.
  5. Davis C.,Durnin JVGA.,Gurevich M.,Maire A.L.,Dionne M.(1993).Body composition correlates of weight dissatisfication and dietary restraint in young women.Appetite,20,197-207.
  6. Dewberry, C.,Ussher, J. M.(1994).Restraint and perception of body weight among British adults.The Journal of Social Psychology,134(5),609-619.
  7. Field, A.,Cheung, L.,Wolf. A.,Herzod, D.,Gortmaker, S.,Colditz, G.(1999).Exposure to the mass media and weight concerns among girls.Pediatrics,103(3),36.
  8. Fox, K. R.,Page, A.,Peters, D. M.,Amstrong, N.,Kirby. B.(1994).Dietary restraint and fatness in early adolescent girls and boys.Journal of Adolescence,17,149-161.
  9. French S. A.,Perry C. L.,Leon G. R.,Fulkerson J. A.(1995).Dieting behavior and weight change history in female adolescents.Health Psychology,14(6),548-555.
  10. Graber, J. A.,Brooks-Gunn, J.,Paikoff, R. L.,Warren, M. P.(1994).Prediction of eating problems: An 8 year study of adolescent girls.Development Psychology,30(6),823-834.
  11. Grigg, M.,Bowman, J.,Redman, S.(1996).Disorders eating and unhealthy weight reduction practices among adolescent females.Preventive Medicine,25,748-756.
  12. Hartley, P.(1998).Eating disorders and health education.Psychology, Health & Medicine,3(1),133-140.
  13. Herman, C. P.,Mack, D.(1975).Restrained and unrestrained eating.Journal of Personality,43,647-660.
  14. Herman, C. P.,Polivy, J.(1975).Anxiety, restraint and eating behavior.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,6,666-672.
  15. Hill, A. J.,Bhatti, R.(1995).Body shape perception and dieting in preadolescent British Asian girls: Links with eating disorders.International Journal of Eating Disorders,17(2),175-183.
  16. Hill, A. J.,Draper, E.,Stack, J.(1994).A weight on children`s minds: body shape dissatisfactions at 9 years old.International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolism Disorders,18(6),383-389.
  17. Hill, A. J.,Oliver, S.,Rogers, P. J.(1992).Eating in the adult world: The rise of dieting in childhood and adolescence.British Journal of Clinical Psychology,31,95-105.
  18. Hill, A. J.,Pallin, V.(1998).Dieting awareness and low self-worth: Related issues in 8-year-old girls.International Journal of Eating Disorders,24(4),405-413.
  19. Hill, A. J.,Robinson, A.(1991).Dieting concerns have a functional effect or the behavior of nine-year-old girls.British Journal of Clinical Psychology,30,265-267.
  20. Hill, A. J.,Rogers, P. J.,Blundell, J. E.(1989).Dietary restrained in young adolescent girls: A functional analysis.British Journal of Clinical Psychology,28,165-176.
  21. Killen, J. D.,Wilson, D. M.,Taylor, C. B.,Hammerm L. D.,Hayward, C.,Kraemer, H.,Haydel K. F.,Blair-Greiner, A.,Strachowski, D.(1996).Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: A 4-year prospective study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,64(5),936-940.
  22. Kilpatrick, M.,Ohannessian, C.,Bartholomew, J. B.(1999).Adolescent weight management and perceptions: An analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent health.Journal of School Health,9(4),148-152.
  23. Koff, E.,Riderdan, J.(1991).Perception of weight and attitudes toward eating in early adolescent girls.Journal of Adolescent Health,12(4),307-312.
  24. Koff, E.,Rierdan, J.,Stubbs, M. L.(1990).Gender, body image, and se]f-concept in early adolescence.Journal of Early Adolescence,10(1),56-68.
  25. Mela D. J.,Rogers P. J.(1998).Food, eating and obesity: The psychobiological basis of appetite and weight control.UK:Chapman & Hall.
  26. Moore, D. C.(1988).Body image and eating behavior in adolescent girls.American Journal of Pleases of Children,142,1114-1118.
  27. Moreno, A. B.,Thelen, M. H.(1995).Eating behavior in junior high school females.Adolescence,30(117),171-174.
  28. Nisbett, R. E.(1972).Hunger, obesity, and the ventormedial hypothalamus.Psychological Review,79,433-435.
  29. Nowak, M.(1998).The weight-conscious adolescent: Body image, food intake, weight-related behavior.Journal of Adolescent Health,23(6),389-398.
  30. Page, R. M.,Allen, O.(1995).Adolescent perceptions of body weight and weight satisfication Family Socioeconomic Status.Perceptual and Motor Skills,81,81-82.
  31. Paxton, S. J.,Szmukler, G. I.,Wertheim, E. H.,Hiller, L.,Gibbons, K.,Petrovich, J. L.(1991).Body image satisfication, dieting belifes, and weight loss behaviors in adolescent girls and boys.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,20(30),361-379.
  32. Pirke, K. M.,Laessle, R. G.,A. J. Stunkard,T. A. Wadden (Eds.)(1993).Obesity: Theory and Therapy.New York:Raven Press, Ltd.
  33. Prussin, R. A.,Harvey, P. D.(1991).Depression, dietary restraint, and binge eating in female runners.Addictive Behaviors,16,295-301.
  34. Robert-McComb, J. J.(2001).Eating disorders in women and children: prevention, stress management, and treatment.
  35. Robinson, T. N.,Killen, J. D.,Litt, L. E.,Hammer, J. D.,Wilson, D. M.,Haydel, K. E.,Hayward, C.,Taylor, C. B.(1996).Ethnicity and body dissatisfaction: Are Hispanic and Asian girls at increased risk for eating disorders.Journal of Adolescent Health,19,384-393.
  36. Rolls, B.J.,Fedoroff, I. C.(1991).Gender differences in eating behavior and body weight regulation.Health Psychology,10(2),133-142.
  37. Rosen, D. S.,Neumark-Sztainer, D.(1998).Review of options for primary prevention of eating disturbances among adolescents.Journal of Adolescent Health,23(6),354-363.
  38. Rosen, J.C.,T.F. Cash,T. Pruzinsky (Eds.)(1990).Body image development deviance and change.New York:Guilford, Inc.
  39. Sands, R.,Tricker, J.,Sherman, C.,Armatas, C.,Maschette, W.(1997).Disordered eating patterns, body image, self-esteem, and physical activity in preadolescent school children.International Journal of Eating Disorders,21(2),159-166.
  40. Santonastaso, P.,Zanetti, T.,Ferrara, S.,Olivotto, M. C.,Magnavita, N.,Favaro, A.(1999).A preventive intervention program in adolescent schoolgirls: A longitudinal study.Psychother Psychosom,68,46-50.
  41. Schacter, S.(1971).Some extraordinary facts about obese humans and rats.American Psychologist,26,129-144.
  42. Schreiber, G. B.,Robins. M.,Striegel-Moore. R.,Obarzanek, E.,Morrison, J. A.,Wright, D. J.(1996).Weight modification efforts reported by black and white preadolescent girls: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study.Pediatrics,98(1),63-70.
  43. Shearin E. N.,Russ M. J.,Hull J. W.,Clarkin J. F.,Smith G. P.(1994).International.Journal of Eating Disorders,16(2),187-198.
  44. Shisslak, C. M,Crago, M.,McKnight, K. M.,Estes, L. S.,Gray, N.,Parnaby, O.(1998).Potential risk factors associated with weight control behaviors in elementary and middle school girls.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,44(3-4),301-313.
  45. Spitzer, R. L.,Devlin, M.,Walsh, B. T.,Hasin, D.,Wing, R. R.,Marcus, M. D.,Stunkard, A.,Wadden, T.,Yanovski, S.,Agras, S.,Mitchell, J. E.,Nonas, C.(1991).Binge eating disorder: To be or not to be in DSM-IV.International Journal of Eating Disorders,10,627-629.
  46. Story, M.,French, S. A.,Resnick, M. D.,Blum, R. W.(1995).Ethnic/racial and socioeconomic differences in dieting behaviors and body image perceptions in adolescents.International Journal of Eating Disorder,18,173-179.
  47. Striegel-Moore, R. H.(1997).Risk factors for eating disorders.Annals of New York Academy of Sciences,817,98-109.
  48. Stunkard, A. J,Messick, S.(1985).The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,29(1),71-83.
  49. Thelen, M.H.,Powell, A. L.,Lawrence, C.,Kuhnert, M. E.(1992).Eating and body image concerns among children.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,21(1),41-46.
  50. Thompson J. K.,Coovert M. D.,Richard K. J.,Johnson S.,Cattarin J.(1995).Development of body image, eating disturbance, and general psychological functioning in female adolescents: Covariance structure modeling and longitudinal investigations.International Journal of Eating Disorders,18(3),221-236.
  51. Thompson, J. K.(1991).Body shape preferences: Effects of instructional protocal and level of eating disturbance.International Journal of Eating Disorders,10(2),193-198.
  52. Thompson, J. K. (Eds.)(1990).Body image disturbance assessment and treatment.New York:Pergmon Press, Inc.
  53. Thompson, J. K.,D. B. Allison (Eds.)(1995).Handbook of assessment methods for eating behavior and weight-related problems: Measures. theory and research.California:SAGE Publications, Inc.
  54. Wailer, G.,Hamilton, K.,Shaw, J.(1992).Media influences on body size estimation in eating disordered and community subjects.British Review of Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa,6,81-87.
  55. Wardle, J.,Beales, S.(1986).Restraint, body image and food attitudes in children from 12 to 18 years.Appetite,7,209-217.
  56. Wardle, J.,Marsland, Y. S.,Quinn, M.,Fedoroff, I.,Ogden, J.(1992).Eating style and eating behavior in adolescents.Appetite,18,1-17.
  57. Westenhoefer, J.(1991).Dietary restraint and disinhibition: Is restraint a homogeneous construct.Appetite,16,45-55.
  58. Westenhoefer, J.,Broeckrnann, P.,Pudel, V.,Munch, A. K.(1994).Cognitive control of eating behavior and disinhibition effect.Appetite,23,27-41.
  59. Wiffley, D. E.,Rodin, J.,K. D. Brownell,C. G. Fairburn (Eds.)(1995).Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook.NY:The Guilford Press.
  60. Williams, S. S.,Contento, I. R.,Michela, J. L.,Gladis, M. M.(1996).Restrained eating among adolescents: Dieters are not always bingers and bingers are not always dieters.Health Psychology,15(3),176-184.
  61. Wright, M. R.(1989).Body image satisfaction in adolescent girls and boys: A longitudinal study.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,18(1),71-83.
  62. Yanovski, S. Z.,Nelson, J. E.,Dubbert, B, K.,Spitzer, R. L.(1993).Psychiatric comorbidity in obese binge eaters.American journal of Psychiatry,150,1472-1479.
  63. 吳仁宇、黃奕清(1996)。台灣地區6~18歲學生之年齡別身高、體重、身體質量指數之發育研究。公共衛生，22(4)，57-271。
  64. 周玉真(1992)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所。
  65. 張學岑(1997)。青少年節食型態與體質指數。台灣精神醫學，11(4)，60-67。
  66. 教育部(1997)。八十五學年度台閩地區各國中小學概況統計。
  67. 趙瑞雯(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。
  68. 蔡季蓉(1990)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。
被引用次数
  1. Mei-Chih Meg Tseng,Chao-Ying Tu(2023)。Studies on Eating Disorders in Taiwan: Measurements, Epidemiology, Comorbidities, and Health-care Use。臺灣精神醫學，37(1)，14-20。
  2. 曾美娟、高毓秀、李裕菽(2007)。桃園縣國中生外表取向、身體滿意度與飲食行爲。衛生教育學報，27，1-26。
  3. 黃小玲,張鳳琴(2021)。國中生網路使用、網路纖瘦意象暴露、身體意象與不健康體重控制行為相關之研究。學校衛生，75，1-19。
  4. 趙婷蕙,陳政友(2016)。新北市某高職學生節食行為及其相關因素研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，46，93-122。
  5. 鄭惠美、游麗惠、張嘉莉、張惠美、邱文祥、林秀亮、林大涵(2010)。臺北市青年的飲食行為及其障礙因素探討。學校衛生，57，107-138。
  6. (2016)。檢視教科書圖片人物的性別與身體體型：國中健康與體育領域。教育研究學報，50(1)，23-42。
print cancel