海德格哲學與美學思想之研究

A Study on Martin Heidegger's Thoughts in Philosophy and Aesthetics

10.7038/BREE.200112_(9).0008

李芳森(Fang-sen Li)

存有 ； 此有 ； 虛無 ； 澄明 ； Being (Sein) ； Dasein ； nihilism ； clearing (Lichtung)

國民教育研究集刊

9期（2001 / 12 / 01）

137 - 151

繁體中文

世界是人存有本質的基本結構，屬於人澄明的存有基礎狀態，世界只有通過與「此有」（Dasein）的關係才能顯現出來。海德格（Martin Heidegger）認為：世界與此有的關係，就是人與存有的關係。世界是人自由的可能性，如果人能經由「思」進入這種可能性、亦即進入存有真理的開顯之中，如此才能完成人自由的本質。因此，海德格的「思」，就是要證明人與存有根本關係的行為，也就是原始意義的「倫理學」。由「思」所引發、面向的「存有」問題，是海德格整個哲學思想重心之所在。從胡塞爾（Edmund Husserl）現象學（phenomenology）的啓蒙開始，海德格在年輕的求學時代，即已顯現出秀異的哲學思維本質，他將「思」與「詩」專注地應用到語言及存有的問題上，深刻體驗出「澄明人類命運」這個思想制高點的必要性。因此，他秀異的「存有哲學思想」的建立、轉向、和在藝術及教育上的蘊義，最終成為時代思想典範，絕非偶然。「如果一個人的一生必有所愛，對海德格而言，『存有』將是他生命的情鍾」，這戔戔數語，卻是對海德格一生中肯的描述。

The universe is not only a fundamental structure of the essence of Being (Sein), but also a basic clearing (Lichtung) state of Human's Being. The universe can function by way of Dasein's intermediate. Heidegger argued the relationship between human and Being is a synonym for that of the universe and Dasein. The universe offers possibilities for human freedom. Man could reach the clearing vision of Sein and then fulfill the intention of freedom if he properly used his thinking. Heidegger'e thinking, therefore, became a useful means to run the validity of the relationship between man and Sein. Heidegger's thinking is hence called ＂an ethics＂ .The problem of Being from which Heidegger's thinking brought was the center of Heidegger's philosophy. Heidegger showed his distinctive thoughts during his studying days. He realized the importance of the clarification of human fate. So he established his celebrated philosophical theory naturally. His thoughts both in philosophy and aesthetics became a very important contribution to education. If everybody were inevitably destined to receive a partner, Heidegger should choose Sein as his perpetual beloved.

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