需求評估研究：建構支援國小高年級自然與生活科技領域教師之電子績效支援系統

A Needs Assessment Study for Constructing an Electronic Performance Support System to Facilitate Elementary School Teachers in the Area of Science and Technology

10.7038/BREE.200506.0127

何俐安(Li-An Ho)；陳韋宏(Weu-Hung Chen)

電子績效支援系統 ； 自然與生活科技 ； Electronic Performance Support System ； The Area of Science and Technology

國民教育研究集刊

13期（2005 / 06 / 01）

127 - 145

繁體中文

在這個資訊科技進步、知識爆發以及環境急速變遷的現代社會，時時求知人人學習，己成為持續擁有市場競爭力及市場價值的重要原則。對於教師而言，不斷的透過學生的反應及學習的成效來修正自己的教學方式，是在教學過程中一重要的課題。近年來電子績效支援系統之發展對於企業員工的支援及幫助皆有一定的成效，而對校園內而言，若能將電子績效支援系統的概念推展至教師的教學上，則也期望能夠達到良好的績效。對於學生而言，九年一貫所設立的十大基本能力乃是其面對未來多變的生活環境中所不可或缺的，教師如何透過其教學活動中讓學生具備此十大能力，對於學生而言，將是更加的重要。本文將探討電子績效支援系統如何配合國小自然與生活科技領域教師在教學上的需求。

In the age of rapid changing information technology, life-long learning has become an important principle of maintaining one's market competeability and values. For in-service teachers, for example, adjusting their teaching strategies based on students' responses and learning outcomes is an important aspect of professional development. How to enable teachers to resolve encountering teaching difficulties in the shortest time possible is one of the most important issues that educational authority must emphasize. In recent years, the development of Electronic Performance Support Systems has had results in regards to support the enterprise staff in their jobs. Therefore, if such tool could be promoted in education profession, the advancement of the teaching specialty can be expected. In regards to students, ”independent thinking and problem solving” abilities are the main strengths that they will hold to face the ever-changing future environments. Therefore, how to help students sustain such abilities through classroom teaching is something that every teacher should be concerned with. This study adopted a needs assessment procedure and used interview as the major data collecting method to understand the problems and difficulties that the teachers had while helping students mastering the independent thinking and problem solving abilities. The collected data concluded the functions and content that an Electronic Performance Support System should contain in order to facilitate 5(superscript th)-6(superscript th) grade elementary school teachers to performance daily teaching in the Area of Science and Technology, especially in enhancing students' independent thinking and problem solving skills.

1. 張惠媚(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。淡江大學教育科技研究所。
   連結：
2. 教育部國民中小學九年一貫課程與教學網站
3. Benson, G.(1997).A New Look at EPSS.Training & Development,51(1),48-49.
4. Burton, J. K.,Merrill, P. F.,Briggs, L. J.,Gustafson, K. L.,Tillman, M. H. (Ed)(1991).Instructional design: principles and applications.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Educational Technology Publications.
5. Carliner, S.(2002).Choices and Challenges: Considerations for Designing Electronic Performance Support Systems.Technical Communication,49(4),411-419.
6. Chang, C. C.(2003).An Electronic Performance Support System for Learning and Doing Instructional Design Tasks.Educational Technology,43(4),46-51.
7. Gery, G.(1994).Think performance.Training & Development,48(3),47-51.
8. Kaufaman, R. A.,Rojas, AM.,Mayer, H.(1993).Needs assessment: A user`s guide.NJ:Educational Technology Publications.
9. Kirkley J. R.,Duffy T. M.,Khan, B. H.(Ed.)(1997).Web-based instruction.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Educational Technology Publications.
10. Laffey, J.(1995).Dynamism in Electronic Performance Support Systems.Performance Improvement Quarterly,8(1),31-46.
11. Marion, C.(2002).Attributes of Performance-centered Systems: What Can We Learn form Five Years of EPSS/PCD Competition Award Winners?.Technical Communication,49(4),428-443.
12. Mcgraw, K.(1995).Selecting Appropriate Functionality and Technologies for EPSS..Innovations in Education and Training International,32(1),13-22.
13. Mcgraw, K.(1994).Performance Support Systems: Integrating AT, Hypermedia, and CBT to Enhance User Performance.Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education,5(1),3-26.
14. Nieveen, N(1998).In Proceedings of ICCE’98.Beijing, China:The Sixth International Conference on Computers in Education..
15. Puterbaugh, G.(1990).Performance Support Tools: Theory and an Example The AT & T Training Test Consultant.Journal of Interactive Instruction Development,23-25.
16. Puterbaugh, G.,Rosenberg, M.,Sofman, R.(1989).Performance Support Tools: A Step Beyond Training.Performance & Instruction,6,1-5.
17. Raybould, B.(1995).Development tools for EPSS.Journal of Interactive Instruction Development.
18. Raybould, B.(1995).Performance support engineering: An emerging development methodology for enabling organizational learning.Performance Improvement Quarterly,8(1),7-22.
19. Raybould, B.(1990).Solving Human Performance Problems with Computers: A case study: building an electronic performance support system.Performance & Instruction.
20. Raybould, B.(1995).Making a Case for EPSS.Innovations in Education and International Training,32(1),65-69.
21. Raynolds, A.(1993).The top five questions about performance support systems.Technical & Skill Training,1,8-11.
22. Seels. B(1990).Exercises in instructional design.Columbus, OH:Merrill Publishing Company.
23. Types of electronic performance support systems: Their characteristics and range of designs
24. Smith, P. L.,Ragan, T. J.(1999).Instructional Design.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
25. And Then A Miracle Occurs! Ensuring the Successful Implementation of Enterprisewide EPSS and E-Learning from Day One
26. DISTED
27. Wager, W. W.,McKay J.,Reiser R. A.,Dempsey J. V. (Ed.)(2002).Trends and issues in instructional design and technology.Person Education, Inc.
28. Wild. M.(1998).Designing a performance support system for teacher education. In Proceedings of ICCE’ 98.Beijing, China:The Sixth International Conference on Computers in Education..
29. 方德隆(1999)。課程與教學研究。高雄:復文。
30. 王郁軒(2002)。以學生爲學習主體的自然與生活科技領域教學研究以學生爲學習主體的自然與生活科技領域教學研究,未出版
31. 王澄霞(1995)。STS活動中之「學」與「教」。科學教育學刊，3(1)，115-137。
32. 何青蓉(1995)。「需求評估」概念的澄清與分析。成人教育，2(3)，41-46。
33. 李宜玲、謝淑玲、陳沁怡主編(2003)。訓練與發展。雙葉出版社。
34. 周淑卿、歐用生主編(1997)。新世紀的教育發展。師大書苑。
35. 岳修平、劉鳳芯、王柏青(1999)。學習表現績效支援系統之建構與應用：語言語文教育學群教學網頁。教學科技與媒體，4(7)，33-40。
36. 林生傳(2003)。教育研究法－全方位的統整與分析。台北:心理。
37. 林金盾(2000)。九年一貫「自然科課程的理念與實務」之我見。科學教育月刊，23(1)，17-19。
38. 施惠(2000)。九年一貫國民義務教育課程－國民中學「自然科學與生活科技」學習活動設計。科學教育月刊，23(1)，43-48。
39. 徐新逸、施郁芬(2003)。多媒體教學設計：數位學習與企業訓練。台北:高等教育。
40. 徐嘉卉(2003)。全國教改大調查。遠見雜誌，200，120-127。
41. 高黛芳、王惠鈴(2000)。中等學校實習輔導教師輔導專業知能需求評估之研究。彰化師大教育學報，1，27-60。
42. 張世忠(2000)。教學原理－統整與應用。台北:五南。
43. 張基成(1997)。電子績效支援系統組成元件之結構。視聽教育，39(2)，24-43。
44. 張基成(1999)。一個運用EPSS環境進行與學習ISD的專題本位學習系統。資訊與教育雜誌，7(3)，39-47。
45. 張基成(1999)。EPSS與WPSS在教育應用上的研究與發展。教學科技與媒體，4(3)，21-32。
46. 張基成(1997)。電子績效支援系統之建構。視聽教育，38(6)，20-27。
47. 陳文典(2000)。由國民中小學課程目標看自然與生活科技學習領域之教學與教材。科學教育月刊，23(1)，40-42。
48. 陳文典(2003)。自然與生活科技學習領域之課程與其實施。中等教育，54(3)，4-19。
49. 陳怡靜、張基成(1998)。電子績效支援系統之原理與設計。資訊與教育雜誌，6(6)，28-39。
50. 楊美雪(1996)。由教學設計觀點論需求評估的模式與內涵。教學科技與媒體，2(6)，29-35。
51. 蔡佩芬、張基成(1998)。科技化的企業訓練環境－電子績效支援系統在企業組織的應用與實施。就業與訓練，16(4)，76-86。
52. 蔡靜芳、高黛芳(1998)。中等學校教師在職進修教育專業課程內涵之需求評估。教育科技與媒體，40，18-30。
53. 鍾聖校(1999)。自然與科技課程教材教法。台北:五南。
54. 簡建忠(1994)。績效需求評析。台北:五南。