論顏之推的佛教信仰與身分建構的關聯－以《顏氏家訓‧歸心篇》為依據

On the Cnnection between Yan Zhitui's Belief in Buddhism and His Identity Reconstruction: According to Yanshi jiaxun "Guixin pian"

10.7013/CCTHCWHSNK.200706.0075

王美秀(Mei-Hsiu Wang)

顏之推 ； 顏氏家訓 ； 歸心篇 ； 南北朝文學 ； 身分建構 ； Yan Zhitui ； Yanshi jiaxun ； Guixin pian ； the literature of Northern and Southern dynasties ； cultural identity

中正大學中文學術年刊

9期（2007 / 06 / 01）

75 - 95

繁體中文

魏晉南北朝時期佛教大盛於中國，尤其盛行於知識階層，顏之推的傳世之作《顏氏家訓》中別有〈歸心〉一篇，專為論述其信護佛教之觀點，正可反映此一時代潮流。然而，顏之推之作《顏氏家訓》非僅為訓家而已，其實隱含重建身分之殷切期待，〈歸心篇〉亦不例外。本文結合文本分析、歷史考察與宗教文化學的方法，試從（一）家族傳統的承接與轉向，（二）佛教三世說與家族三世說的轉換，以及（三）援佛入儒等三大方向，剖析顏之推如何在《顏氏家訓‧歸心篇》中，藉由佛教信仰與家族延續的關聯性進行身分重建。對於顏之推而言，佛教信仰不僅是一種生命寄託，也是身分重建的論述場域；經由此一論述場域，顏之推為自己與顏氏子孫重建了一種有別於江南時期的新儒士身分。

Buddhism became domestic in Chinese society during the period of Northern and Southern dynasties, especially within intellectual statues. In Yanshi jiaxun, written by Yan Zhitui, there is a chapter titled ”Guixin pian”, from it we may see a reflection of the intellectual's belief in Buddhism of the time. In the chapter Yan tried very hard to explain the connection between his family tradition and Buddhism, he as well defended Buddhism from many kinds of attack in his time. However, the reason of writing Yanshi jiaxun was not only for making a family instruction but also for his concealed hope of identity reconstruction. As one chapter of Yanshi jiaxun, ”Guixin pian” was certainly an important discourse of his identity reconstruction. This paper makes a deep discussion on how Yan Zhitui reconstructed identity for himself and for his family through the connection between the belief in Buddhism and family continuation in ”Guixin pian”. The discussion focuses on three points, there are: (A) under the belief in Buddhism, how Yan continued family tradition in one way and made alteration of family tradition in the other way at the same time, (B) how he transferred the meaning of Buddhist term of 'three-lives' into general Chinese term of 'three generations', and (C) how he introduced some of Buddhist ideas into Confucianism and produced a new form of Confucianism. For Yan Zhitui, Buddhism was not just an abstractive room where he and his family could have a rest, receive peace and raise hope of future again, it was also a major discourse of identity reconstruction for him. Through this discourse, Yan Zhitui reconstructed a new Confucianist identity for himself and for Yan clan. The identity he reconstructed was much different from the one he used to have when he lived in Jiangnan.

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