Agrarian Policy Renovation in Vietnam from the Bottom Up

10.7039/TJSAS.200410.0019

Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet

越南 ； 農民 ； 農業政策 ； 政治 ； 集體化 ； Vietnam ； peasants ； agrarian policy ； politics ； collectivization

東南亞學刊

1卷2期（2004 / 10 / 01）

19 - 36

英文

從1950年代中開始，越南共黨政府就堅持要以集體耕作的方式經營農場；但1980年代末，政府卻開始允許農業土地分給鄉村農戶，接著一系列的政策變化，使得集體農場化不再是政府的政策。為何共黨政府會做如此一百八十度的政策大轉彎呢？主要的原因是集體農場合作社的內部，早已出現瓦解的跡象；換言之，去集體化的過程，是從地方開始，從村落開始，而且是從村民開始的，至於國家後來的政策只是配合著此趨勢進行轉變而已。

Beginning in the mid-1950s, the Communist Party government of Vietnam for years insisted that villagers must farm collectively. In the late 1980s, however, the government authorized the redistribution of agricultural land to village households. With that and related policy shifts, collective farming was no longer policy. A major reason why the communist government did a 180 degree policy turn was the weakening and eventual collapse from within the collective farming cooperatives into which villagers had been organized. Put simply, decollectivization started locally, in the villages and largely by villagers; national policy followed behind.

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