《漢書•公孫劉田王楊蔡陳鄭傳》人物形象析論

Analysis of Personage Images "Legends of Gongsun, Liu, Tian, Wang, Yang, Cai, Chen, Zheng, in Hen Shu (Personage Chronicle of the Han Dynasty)"

10.30091/JCDNCHU.200601.0007

黃世錦(Shih-Chin Huang)

漢書 ； 班固 ； 凌稚隆 ； 李景星 ； 人物形象 ； Han Shu ； Ban Gu ； Ling Zhi-Long ； Li Jing-Xing ； Personage Image

興大中文學報

18期（2006 / 01 / 01）

177 - 211

繁體中文

關於《漢書•公孫劉田王楊蔡陳鄭傳》八人合傳之緣由，明人凌稚隆評析以為，本篇合傳之原因，乃因傳中諸人相繼代為丞相與御史大夫之故；而今人李景星則以公孫賀、劉屈氂、車千秋、王訢、楊敞、蔡義、六人合傳，乃以六人代為丞相之故。至於陳萬年、鄭弘二人合傳，乃因二人代為御史大夫之故。李氏對凌氏的觀點有所繼承，亦有個人讀史評史的意見與發明！ 然而，李景星又以為：傳中所述八人皆為「庸才」之流，故合傳「皆以同為庸才相聯絡」，則筆者持商榷與保留之意見，理由將於本論文中提出詳細的說明。本文旨在藉由《漢書》本傳文本之分析，並配合前人之評析與相關研究成果，探究本傳中人物的性格與事跡，以凸顯本傳中傳主的人物形象。期能使本篇史傳人物形象鮮活，使人如見其人，如聞其聲，以對其人做出較為客觀與公允的評價！ 文中章節安排為：一、前言；二、《漢書•公孫劉田王楊蔡陳鄭傳》人物形象析論。本節共分為八個小子題：（一）公孫賀的人物形象：深識遠慮，縱子速禍；（二）劉屈氂的人物形象：眷戀權位，謀廢太子；（三）車千秋的人物形象：善體上意，蹈晦自守；（四）王訢的人物形象：洞悉人性，善握時機；（五）楊敞的人物形象：素謹畏事，明哲保身；（六）蔡義的人物形象：經術嫻熟，為人主師；（七）陳萬年的人物形象：善事權貴，教子以諂；（八）鄭弘的人物形象：好學明經，用法持平；三、結語。

According to analysis made by Ling Zhi-Long in Ming Dynasty, the main reason to include the eight personages, Gongsun, Liu, Tian, Wang, Yang, Cai, Chen and Zheng, in Hen Shu was because they were either the premiers or major executive officials in the dynasty. Li Jing-Xing, a contemporary scholar, authored the six personages-Gonsun He, Liu Qu-Li, Ju Qian-Qiu, Wang Xin, Yang Chang, Cai Yi, in a legend book, because they were all the premiers in the dynasty. Since Chen Wan- Nian and Zheng Hong were the senior supervisory officials (equal to the member of the Control Yuan, ROC) in the dynasty, they were authored in another legend book. In addition to inheriting Ling Zhi-Long's viewpoints, Li Jing-Xing has also had his personal opinions and critics about the historic personages. Nevertheless, Li Zing-Xing thought all the eight personages were all ”mediocrities (ordinary people)”, so in the legend book he authored, he used ”mediocrities” to refer to those personages. However, on this front, the author has different viewpoints. The reasons will be thoroughly elaborated in the paper. Based on the analysis of the text of ”Han Shu” and in conjunction with the critics and relevant research made by the people of former times, this paper was to explore the characters and accounts of the personages authored in the legend, so as to highlight the personage images of the protagonists in the legend. This paper hopes to provide a vivid image of the ancient personages as though one could see and sense them, and provide a more objective and fairer evaluation of them. The chapters of this paper have been arranged as: 1. Preface. 2. Analysis of personage images 《Legends of Gongsun, Liu, Tian, Wang, Yang, Cai, Chen, Zheng, in Hen Shu,》 in which the following eight subsections have been included: (1) the personage image of Gongsun He: he was circumspect and farsighted, but he spoiled his son who ended up leaving bane to him. (2) the personage image of Liu Qu-Li: he had attachment to power and position, and conspired to abrogate the crown prince. (3) the personage image of Ju Qian-Qiu: he was considerate to his superiors and well self-disciplined. (4) the personage image of Wang Xin: he knew human nature very well, and was good at snatching up opportunities. (5) the personage image of Yang Chang: he was discreet and feared for responsibility, and liked to play safe to protect himself. (6) the personage image of Cai Yi: he was deft at ancient classics, and was a leader. (7). the personage image of Chen Wan-Nian: he liked to flatter influential officials and taught his sons how to adulate superiors. (8). the personage image of Zheng Hong: he was studious, good at ancient classics and moderate in dealing things. 3. Conclusions:

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