Daring Us to Laugh: An Analysis of the Satirical Imagery of Jan Steen

逗人發笑：詹•史汀諷刺圖像之分析

10.6793/JNTCA.200904.0025

馬丁•福客(Martin Forker Ph.D.)

詹•史汀 ； 風俗畫 ； 諷刺圖像 ； 狂歡荒誕 ； 雙關語 ； Jan Steen ； genre painting ； satirical imagery ； carnivalesque ； double-entendre

藝術學報

84期（2009 / 04 / 01）

25 - 58

英文

本論文探討詹•史汀(Jan Steen)如何使用幽默圖像逗人發笑。結果顯示史汀對諷刺之運用暗藏於十七世紀當代的歐洲及荷蘭象徵語言的肖像中。因此，幽默為其文化根深柢固的現象。再者，史汀使用諷刺來描述歷史事件、聖經典故以及說教故事。然而，史汀並未使用尖酸刻薄的諷刺和黑色喜劇手法，一種讓受難者妖魔化的宣傳。顯然地他所使用的方式卻謹慎溫和許多。也發現史汀在許多畫中使用狂歡荒誕的人物和雙關語；畫中到處可見他把喜劇中的人物當成一種活生生的標誌，藉此對後代子孫留存他的喜劇模樣及建立他的畫作和觀眾之間的聯結。此外，史汀在畫中的角色扮演似乎也呈現出一位熟練喜劇演員的權威。

This paper explores how Jan Steen's humourous imagery dares us to laugh. The findings show that Steen’s use of satire is encoded within the emblematical language of contemporary 17(superscript th) century European and Dutch iconography. Thus, humour is a culturally determined phenomenon. The findings also reveal that Steen employs satirical imagery to describe historical episodes, biblical events, and moralistic tales. However, it is patent that Steen does not use satire and black comedy in the same vitriolic and acerbic manner that might demonize his victims as in propaganda. His use of satire is much more discreet and moderate. The findings also demonstrate that Steen uses carnivalesque figures and double entendre in many of his paintings. Significanlty, it is evident that Steen employs a comic persona in many of his paintings as a living signature, preserving his comical likeness for posterity and to establish a link between the painting and his audience. Furthermore, Steen’s role-playing seems to demonstrate the authority of a comedian's dexterity.

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