非虛構繪本敘事之召喚式結構初探：以紀實照片圖像故事《小河馬歐文和牠的麻吉》（Owen & Mzee: The true story of a remarkable friendship）為例

Non-Fiction Pictorial Narrative and Aesthetic Communication: A Case Study of "Owen & Mzee: The True Story of a Remarkable Friendship" in Haler Park of Kenya

賴玉釵(Yu-Chai Lai)

兒童文學 ； 美感傳播 ； 紀實照片 ； 非虛構敘事 ； 繪本 ； children's literature ； aesthetic communication ； photo documentary ； non-fiction narrative ； picturebook

藝術學報

92期（2013 / 04 / 01）

209 - 235

繁體中文

本本研究以非虛構繪本敘事《小河馬歐文和牠的麻吉》為例，此書為動物園觀察家融入紀實照片描述小河馬與象龜互動點滴。本書講述小河馬歐文自南亞海嘯之浩劫餘生，並送至荷勒野生動物園安置，隨後遇見象龜麻吉而展開跨物種情誼。本文試圖釐清紀實照片、文字及圖文整合形態，說明其邀請讀者融入文本之「召喚式結構」。非虛構繪本予讀者之美感傳播歷程，可根據真實人生閱歷而引發讀者同理等交流方式；也因題材真實，讀者反應亦較能直接回饋於現實生活，如從「日常美學」展開具體實踐。

The aesthetic interaction process triggered by statements of fiction and non-fiction is a concept widely developed by reader-response criticism. For example, in the 18th century, Baumgarten, the father of aesthetics, highlighted the importance of ”fabricating” to aesthetic reaction. However, few researchers have addressed the difference between aesthetic reactions triggered by statements of fiction and non-fiction. Non-fiction picture books are based on history, autobiography, intellectual books, and real events. In non-fiction picture books, most of the inviting structure is comprised of visual elements, represented objects, pointing systems (composed contexts), and schematized levels. However, when considering non-fiction (based on reality or real history), picture narrators must consider the visual performance of real events and the environment when presenting pictures. Composed contexts can easily cause readers to associate with the real world, allowing readers to better understand the life and events surrounding the protagonist through pictures. The presentation of non-fiction picture books can affect the expectations of readers about statements from the book. The process of filling in knowledge gaps might easily be taken from daily life, arousing echoes of the hard life faced by the protagonist. The aesthetic interaction process created by non-fiction picture books can be varied by the real life experiences. Readers may see picture books from perspectives of recognition and sympathy, which are different from visual-oriented fiction picture books that emphasize fantastic themes.

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