組織功能重疊與高可靠度組織的設計：對當前政府改造的建議

Organizational Redundancy and High Reliability Organization: Suggestions to the Plan of Reinventing Government

10.6712/JCPA.200506_(2).0004

葉嘉楠(Chia-Nan Yeh)

組織功能重疊 ； 高可靠度的組織 ； 常態意外理論 ； 型一誤與型二誤 ； 效率 ； redundancy ； high reliability organization ； normal accident theory ； type Ⅰ error and type Ⅱ error ； efficiency

中華行政學報

2期（2005 / 06 / 01）

59 - 73

繁體中文

組織功能重疊(redundancy)是指組織功能部分或全部重疊的機制、單位、或機關，其主要的目的在於增加組織的可靠度。機關可能犯下兩種決策錯誤：(1)執行錯誤的政策；(2)應該做出決策時卻不行動。通常要減少一種錯誤機率的代價就是要增加另一種錯誤的機率。由於機關資源通常有限，官僚無可避免的只能從兩種類型的錯誤中加以取捨。組織要改善其可靠度可以透過兩種方式：第一、系統策略：修改系統中單位的數目或單位在組織中的位置。第二、單位策略：在現有結構下增加每個單位的可靠度。提昇組織可靠度就看哪一個成本相較之下較低。流線型的組織減少機關功能的重疊可能會造成機關表現的失敗。政府進行的民營化或委託外包則可能會降低組織的可靠度。目前政府在追求效率的同時，它的代價就是機關犧牲了表現的可靠度及對民意的回應（課責）。

Redundancy refers partially or completely overlapping mechanism, units, or agencies. The purpose of redundancy is to improve the organizational reliability. Organization could commit two types of mistakes: (1) implementing the wrong policy, (2) failing to act when action is warranted. The price to reduce one type of error is to increase another type of error. Due to the scarce resources, organization usually have to make tradeoff between two type of errors. There are two ways to enhance the organizational reliability: (1) system strategy: to adjust the numbers of units or positions of units, (2) unit strategy: to increase the reliability of units in the organization. Improvement of the organizational reliability depends on the cost of two strategies. Streamlined organization with reduced redundancy may cripple the organizational performance. Privatization or contracting out may reduce the organizational reliability. For the current authority the cost of pursuing efficiency is to sacrifice the organizational performance and the responsiveness (accountability).

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