城隍信仰的由來及其在臺的發展－以大稻埕霞海城隍廟為例

The Origin of City God Belief and the Development of City God Belief in Taiwan

10.7035/JSE.200412.0153

廖珮君(Pei-Chun Liao)

城隍 ； 城隍信仰 ； 大稻埕 ； 霞海城隍廟

市師社教學報

3期（2004 / 12 / 01）

153 - 177

繁體中文

城隍信仰屬於通俗道教自然神祗的崇拜，在中國已流傳數千年之久。本文將採文獻蒐集法依時問順序，由先秦時期、三國南北朝時期、唐宋時期到明清時期的發展，介紹城隍信仰由自然物到被神格化、人格化，甚至成為兼管陰陽的地方司法神之過程。 針對城隍信仰由閩粵移入臺灣的情形、特色，到日據時期以迄現代的發展，蒐集各時期臺灣城隍廟的總數及分布情形，加以比較分析，以了解不同時期臺灣城隍信仰的發展。得到的結論是：一、臺灣的城隍信仰是在清代奠定基礎的。二、日據時期曾嘗試推行日本神道教、日本佛教、及基督教，藉以消滅臺灣的民問信仰，但城隍信仰等民問信仰已深植人心，並未被消滅。三、臺灣北部的城隍廟總數和增加數目都較中南部地區為少，係因都會區地價較高，興建成本亦較大，且城隍信仰中的價值觀如：陰間審判、賞善罰惡、沈冤昭雪等教化人心意味重的觀點，在以商業為主的北部都會區社會中已較少為人所重視，故城隍廟增加數目也較少。四、當前臺灣社會富裕，政府對宗教的態度是自由開放的。五、城隍屬陰間的地方行政官，設廟是以城為中心，當某地（以縣、市、鄉、鎮為中心）已設立一座城隍廟，其他信徒較不可能再去設立另外一座，故城隍廟的增加數目有限。 最後則是介紹大稻埕霞海城隍廟興盛的原因，與大稻埕地區發展的關係以及祭典情形。

The City God belief is a kind of nature worship of Taoism. It is popular in China for thousands of years. This text will adopt cultural heritage inquires into method and data to statistics the method to carry on the data collection. In the following, I will go through the process of how City God becomes a protecting God of the wall and moat of a city, and how the City God belief migrating from Mainland China to Taiwan, and I will indicate the location of City God temples in Taiwan and analyze the increasing amount of City God temples. After analyzing, my conclusion is: 1. The City God belief in Taiwan lays the base in Manchu dynasty. 2. Japanese tried to promote Japanese religion, Japanese Buddhism, and Christianity to Taiwan and replace the original religions when they occupied Taiwan, but City God belief have planted the public deeply. 3. The amount of City God temple in the north of Taiwan is less than the amount in the south of Taiwan because of the City God belief is no more important for people in the north of Taiwan. 4. Nowadays, the society of Taiwan is wealthy, and the attitude of government for religion is open. 5. The City God temples are established in a city. When people have established a City God temple, other followers are more impossible to establish another in the same place, that the increment number of the City God temple is limited. Finally, I will introduce the Hsia-hai Temple of the City God in Taipei, and discuss the relations between Hsia-hai temple of the City God and Ta-tao-tseng.