卵殼膜分解菌之篩選與分離

Isolation of Egg Shell Membrane Degrading Microorganisms

10.6665/JLYIT.2010.9.20

王全祿

蛋殼膜 ； 微生物 ； 生物活性原料 ； eggshell membrane ； microorganism ； bioactive substances

蘭陽學報

9期（2010 / 06 / 01）

20 - 25

繁體中文

生活品質的提昇伴隨著資源的大量使用以及廢棄物的產生，更造成廢棄物的處理問題，如何減少廢棄物的產生與廢棄物的資源再利用亦就成為一重要的研究課題。在自然食品中，蛋被認為是最完全之食品，具備完整的養分，自古便是人類的重要食品。蛋之構造從外至內依序為蛋殼、蛋殼膜、蛋白及蛋黃所組成。其中蛋白與蛋黃已廣泛被使用，而蛋殼膜尚未被有效再利用。近年廢棄物再利用已漸受重視，未被有效再利用之蛋殼膜因富含多種氨基酸及膠原蛋白而極具研究價值。 蛋殼膜主要由不溶化之纖維蛋白質所構成，因纖維蛋白質強度大、穩定性高其形狀及大小不易調整而用途受限於蛋殼膜之有效再利用方面，以使蛋殼膜溶解再利用為最佳方法。至目前為止，蛋殼膜之可溶化法均係利用化學處理法進行，極少有利用微生物進行分解蛋殼膜之研究報告。故本研究擬篩選能進行蛋殼膜分解（可溶化）作用之微生物，期能用來生產化妝品生物活性原料。

Recently, much attention has been focused on the utilization of various natural biomaterials, such as chitin, chitosan, and collagen. Because they are derived from materials synthesized by living things, they may show some affinities for human beings and animals and thus will be available for medical and cosmetic materials. In addition, the natural biomaterials can be obtained as low-priced wastes generated especially in the field of food industry. The shell part of a hen egg is composed of cuticle (outside), eggshell(middle), and eggshell membrane (ESM, inside). It was generated in large quantities during the manufacture of egg foods. Since eggshell primarily consists of CaCO3, it is used as a neutralizer of farm fields and a source of calcium supply. However, most of the cuticle and ESM are discarded, because their uses have not been fully developed. The application of ESM is limited due to its insolubility in water and organic solvents, which is mainly dependent on the presence of a large number of crosslinks of the disulfide bondin proteins. Some reports have been published concerning the utilization of undigested ESM as a recovery material of gold ions from electroplating wastes and a carrier for immobilized enzymes. However, effective solubilization of insoluble proteins of ESM will make it possible to be further utilized. On the other hand, there are few studies of the preparation of water-soluble products including proteins and peptides from ESM using microorganisms and enzymes alone. When microorganisms or enzymes solubilize ESM, specific proteins and peptides will be obtained from ESM. One report was published describing the potential of whole eggshell and ESM fermentations using lactic acid bacteria, Megasphaere cerevisiae. However, the purification and characterization of the enzymes catalyzing the products from whole eggshell and ESM were not reported. In this study, we reported the isolation and characterization of a eggshell membrane-assimilating strain from soil.

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