Augment in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo

阿波羅的荷馬讃歌的加音

10.7067/JMHIT.200709.0301

泰田伊知朗(Ichiro Taida)

阿波羅的荷馬讃歌 ； 希臘文 ； 西洋古典 ； 史詩 ； 文獻學 ； Homeric Hymn to Apollo ； Greek ； Classics ； Epic ； Philology

美和技術學院學報

26卷2期（2007 / 09 / 01）

301 - 313

英文

本論文之目的在於探究阿波羅的荷馬讚歌之中，以有加音的方式與無加音的方式去加以選擇。荷馬讚歌是由33個神歌所組成，所以古人以荷馬的作品作為思考的依據。在類此之中有許多詩歌，是於西元前700-500年在希臘譜出。 古代希臘語的動詞之直說法•過去式是在字首加上/e-/(έ-)。讀者謂之加音。此乃過去式與在imperfect時態，aorist時態及pluperfect時態：例present imperfect aorist pluperfect λύω（解放） (符号略)-λυoν (符号略)-λυσα έ-λελύκη荷馬史詩中，大多的加音會被省略。在荷馬與史詩、κλύω的imperfect是(符号略)κλυoν與κλύoν、νούω的aorist是ένόησα與νόησα。與荷馬史詩相同、別的史詩（含阿波羅的荷馬讃歌）中的加音亦會被省略。 爰此，阿波羅的荷馬讚歌之中，以有加音的方式與無加音的方式去加以選擇是困難的。譬如，在阿波羅的荷馬讚歌之6行目、在所有的手寫本中為τ'έχάλασσε。但是тε χάλασσε亦是可行的。此外：89 τ' έтελεύτησέν/τε τελεύτησέν；101 τότ' (符号略)μελλεν/τότε μέλλεν；116 εĩλ' έμενοίνησεν/εĩλε μενοίνησεν；119 δ' (符号略)θορε/δέ θόρε；129 (符号略)ρυк' έλύονтο/(符号略)ρυκε λύονт；138 τ'έφίλησε/τε φίλησε；351 δ' (符号略)τεк'/δέ τέк'；356 άνтιάσει' έφέρεσκέ；370 őσσ' έκάλυψε/őσσε κάλυψε；403 άνασσέίσασк' έтίνασσε/άνασσέίσασκε τίυασσε；406 ούδ' (符号略)λυον/ούδέ λύον。不依照手寫本所示，筆者改以別的方式、以有加音的方式與無加音的方式去加以選擇、筆者比較荷馬與Hesiod及荷馬讃歌的語、句、韻律。 此問題是非常困難的、木研究結果相信會對其他校訂者會有所助益（例如荷馬讃歌、荷馬與Hesiod史詩等校訂者）。

The purpose of this paper is to choose between the augmented or unaugmented form in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, which is one of the Homeric Hymns. These anonymous hymns celebrating individual gods are a collection of thirty-three hymns, which were ascribed to Homer in antiquity. Most of them were composed in the archaic and early classical periods in Greece (B.C.700-500). In the classical Greek the indicative of secondary or past tenses adds a prefix /e-/ (έ-) which we call ”augment.” The augment denotes past time and appears in imperfect, aorist and pluperfect in the following way: present imperfect aorist pluperfect λύω(loose) (The symbol is abbreviated)-λυoν (The symbol is abbreviated)-λυσα έ-λελύκη The augment is so often dropped in Homer that the augmented and the augmented forms are almost equally numerous. For example, the imperfect of κλύω (hear) is sometimes augmented (The symbol is abbreviated)κλυoν, sometimes unaugmented κλύoν, and the first aorist of νούω (see) is sometimes augmented ένόησα, sometimes augmented νόησα. As in Homer, the augment is sometimes dropped in other epic poems (e.g. Homeric Hymn to Apollo). Therefore, during the editing process of the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, the choice between the augmented form (e.g. (The symbol is abbreviated)κλυoν, ένόησα) or unaugmented form (e.g. κλύoν, νόησα) of past tenses is a recurring problem. For example, at verse 6 τ'έχάλασσε is written in manuscripts. However тε χάλασσε is also a possibility. How do we decide? The other cases in question are: 89 τ' έтελεύτησέν/τε τελεύτησέν；101 τότ' (The symbol is abbreviated)μελλεν/τότε μέλλεν；116 εĩλ' έμενοίνησεν/εĩλε μενοίνησεν；119 δ' (The symbol is abbreviated)θορε/δέ θόρε；129 (The symbol is abbreviated)ρυк' έλύονтο/(The symbol is abbreviated)ρυκε λύονт；138 τ'έφίλησε/τε φίλησε；351 δ' (The symbol is abbreviated)τεк'/δέ τέк'；356 άνтιάσει' έφέρεσκέ；370 őσσ' έκάλυψε/őσσε κάλυψε；403 άνασσέίσασк' έтίνασσε/άνασσέίσασκε τίυασσε；406 ούδ' (The symbol is abbreviated)λυον/ούδέ λύον. In such cases, regardless of the information of manuscripts, I first try to reconstruct the forms which the poet of this hymn intended by using other methods depending on the meter and vocabulary in Homer, Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns. We should not overlook the problem of the augment which is hard for editors to solve. We can be fairly certain that this investigation will contribute to other editors not only of the Homeric Hymns, but also of Homer and Hesiod.