Intercultural Competence in an EFL Context

如何在EFL情境落实跨文化溝通能力

10.7109/HKJELL.200906.0275

葉潔宇(Chieh-Yue Yeh)

跨文化溝通能力 ； 文化教學 ； 英語教學 ； 終身學習 ； 自主學習 ； Intercultural communicative competence ； Teaching culture ； TESOL ； Life-long learning ； Learner autonomy

Hwa Kang Journal of English Language & Literature

15期（2009 / 06 / 01）

275 - 287

繁體中文

隨著全球化的趨勢及英語教學溝通式教學法之風行，英語學習者「能力」之定義亦逐步由語言能力演變為溝通能力、文化能力、跨文化能力，直至晚近的跨文化溝通能力(Moran, 2001)。其中跨文化溝通能力是不限於目標語，而是指不論溝通國家為何，均能表現得宜的一種放諸四海皆率的有效溝通能力。然而在一個英語為外國語的國家如台灣，英語教室中之英語學習者通常來自於單一的語言文化背景(national/ethnic culture)，如何在英語課程中討論跨文化議題，進而訓練跨文化溝通能力是英語教學者的一大桃戰。本文將就跨文化溝通能力中的文化意涵切入跨文化能力之教學目標，進而提出如何落實跨文化溝通能力於EFL情境中。論文將就跨文化溝通能力之教學內容、教學方式提出建議並融入終身學習及自主學習理念。

With the trend of globalization and the popularity of Communicative Language Teaching, the definition of learners' ”competence” has evolved from language competence to communicative competence, to cultural competence, to intercultural competence to intercultural communicative competence (Moran, 2001). Intercultural communicative competence refers to the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in intercultural situations, regardless of the cultures involved (Samovar et al. 1998; Lusting and Koester 1999). However, in an EFL country like Taiwan where learners in the English class are mostly mono-cultural and mono-lingual, how to deal with cross-cultural issues and provide cross-cultural communicative competence training has been a challenge to language educators. This paper focuses on how to teach intercultural communicative competence in an EFL context. The paper starts with the goal of intercultural communicative competence from discussing the meaning of ”culture” in intercultural communicative competence. Then the content and teaching methods integrated with the concept of life-long learning and learner autonomy are discussed.

1. Adler, P.,L. A. Samovar(Eds.),R. E. Porter(Eds.)(1982).Intercultural communication: A reader.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
2. Allen, L. Q.(2004).Implementing a culture portfolio project within a constructivist paradigm.Foreign Language Annals,37(2),232-239.
3. Álvarez, I.(2007).Foreign language education at the crossroads: Whose model of competence.Language, Culture and Curriculum,20(2),126-139.
4. Byon, A. S.(2007).The use of culture portfolio project in a Korean culture classroom: Evaluating stereotypes and enhancing cross-cultural awareness.Language, Culture and Curriculum,20(1),1-19.
5. Byram, M.(1997).Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence.London:Multilingual Matters.
6. Byram, M.,Gribkova, B.,Starkey, H.(2002).A Practical Introduction for Teachers.Strasbourg:Council of Europe.
7. Byram, M.,Zarate, G.(1997).Defining and assessing intercultural competence: some principles and proposals for the European context.Language Teaching,29,239-243.
8. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment
9. Damen, L.(1987).Culture learning: The fifth dimension in the language classroom.Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
10. Guilherme, M.(2002).Foreign Language Education as Cultural Politics.Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
11. Kim, Y. Y.,L. A. Samovar(Eds.),R. E. Porter(Eds.)(1997).Intercultural communication: A reader.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
12. Kramsch, C.(1993).Context and culture in language teaching.New York:Oxford University Press.
13. Moran, P. R.(2001).Teaching culture: Perspectives in practice.Australia; Boston, Mass:Heinle & Heinle.
14. Nakamura, K.(2002).Cultivating global literacy through English as an international Language (EIL) education in Japan: A new paradigm for global education.International Education Journal,3(5),64-74.
15. Porter, R. E.,Samovar, L. A.,L. A. Samovar(Eds.),R. E. Porter(Eds.)(1994).Intercultural communication: A reader.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
16. Risager, K.,Fleming, M.(Eds),Byram, M.(Eds)(1998).Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approaches through drama and ethnography.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
17. Savignon, S. A.,Celce-Murcia, M.(ed.)(2001).Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language.Singapore:Heinle & Heinle.
18. Sercu, L.,Van Esch, K.(Eds.),St. John, O.(Eds.)(2004).New insights into foreign language learning and teaching.Frankfurt am Main, Germany:Peter Lang.
19. Ting-Toomey, S.,L. A. Samovar(Eds.),R. E. Porter(Eds.)(1994).Intercultural communication: A reader.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
20. Velqasco-Martin, C.,L. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.)(2004).Learning and Teaching from Experience: Perspectives on Nonnative English-Speaking Professionals.Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press.
21. Wood, J. T.,L. A. Samovar(Eds.),R. E. Porter(Eds.)(1994).Intercultural communication: A reader.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
22. Yeh, C. Y.(2008)。Globalization, Global Language and Cultural Teaching。The Proceedings of Tradition and globalization: From concept to dialogue conference

1. Liu, Kai-Li(2017).Creating Classroom-Based Cross-Cultural Experiential Learning in EFL.英語教學期刊,41(4),69-98.
2. 伊藤佳代(2021)。自主學習導入跨文化溝通素養培養課程之初探：以外籍教師之通識課程為例。通識學刊：理念與實務，9(2)，117-141+143。
3. (2013)。在生活互動中創造跨文化的學習經驗。教育研究月刊，230，76-93。