水產養殖與糧食危機：機會與限制

Aquaculture and Food Crisis: Opportunities and Constraints

10.7042/JYDXTSXB.201012.0159

廖一久(I Chiu Liao)；趙乃賢(Nai-Hsien Chao)

水產養殖 ； 亞太地區 ； 糧食危機 ； 機會 ； 限制 ； aquaculture ； Asia-Pacific region ； food crisis ； opportunities ； constraints

嘉義大學通識學報

8期（2010 / 12 / 01）

159 - 174

繁體中文

魚類養殖，即目前所稱的水產養殖，已有相當長久的發展歷史。早在西元前475年，中國范蠡所著的「養魚經」中，已經有系統的論述魚類養殖這門學問；另外，西元71～130年間，日本皇宮內則已出現了世上第一座錦鯉養殖池；足證「養魚」這項活動，數千年前就已融入人類的生活中。近年來，尤其最近四十多年來，水產養殖開始蓬勃發展，逐漸蔚為一項重要產業，特別對發展中國家而言，其重要性可說與日俱增。因為它不僅為該地區人民提供物美價廉的動物性蛋白質，也創造了許多就業機會，更為國家賺取大量的外匯。亞洲是全球養殖產業的重鎮，其產量約佔世界養殖總產量的91％；而排名前二十大的養殖生產國中，就有十三個位於亞洲。目前，在超過六十五億的全球人口中，尚有十億人口瀕臨飢餓死亡的邊緣；而人口稠密的亞太地區，雖然具有旺盛的生產力，也有六億四千二百萬人面臨飢荒問題。因此，作為動物性蛋白質重要供應來源的水產養殖，今後在確保世界糧食安全上所扮演的角色勢必越來越吃重。本篇就亞太地區水產養殖產業的機會與限制，以及其在糧食危機中的重要性詳加論述；並提出今後的發展策略，包括：推動並落實養殖產銷履歷制度、嚴格實施HACCP管控，確保產品的安全衛生以及加強水產養殖產品的行銷管理等。至盼水產養殖所追求的生存、利潤、安全，能成功地因應世界急迫的糧食危機，並達成永續發展的目標。

Fish fanning, now well known as aquaculture, bas been well recognized since the ancient era. The first written document on fish culture was published in China in 475 BC, and the first koi pond was constructed at the Japanese Imperial Palace grounds during 71-130 AD. In recent years, aquaculture bas progressively played an important role in the provision of: animal protein and gourmet cuisines, job opportunities, and foreign currency for developing countries. Asian countries produce around 91 percent of the world's total aquaculture production. Among the top ten aquaculture-producing countries, nine are from Asia. The current global population consists of more than 6.5 billion individuals; over one billion of which face hunger problem. In the highly populated Asia-Pacific region with moderately high-productivity, 642 million people are still facing hunger. Being a proficient and potential source of animal protein, aquaculture will play an increasing and important role in solving the world food problem in the future. This paper discusses both the opportunities and constraints in the aquaculture industry, specifically in the Asia-Pacific region, and its possible role in solving the current global food crisis. Strategies including promotion and adoption of traceability and HACCP systems for food safety, and marketing management for aquaculture products are also suggested. It is hoped that traditional administration of aquaculture management for survival, profit, as well as food safety will successfully match sustainability management to meet the urgent global need for food.

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