英文摘要
|
In order to investigate crimes, the law enforcement may obtain the contents of targets' communications, like e-mails, from communications service providers. The evidence-gathering has been the focus of the practical and theoretical discussion. The Supreme Court held that, in the Chen case, people have reasonable expectations of privacy in e-mail stored in communications service providers, and the law enforcement has to obtain warrants from courts in advance. The U.S. congress enacted "the Stored Communications Act" to enhance the protection of people's privacy. The Sixth Circuit Court, in Warshak, held that people have privacy rights of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the warrant requirement applies to the obtainment of communications. In addition, the application of the third party doctrine should be limited. The conclusions of the Chen case and Warshak are acceptable. This article argues that people have general privacy, rather than communication privacy, in those e-mails stored in third parties' service. Therefore, the Communications Security and Surveillance Act should not apply to the obtainment of e-mails. In order to obatin e-mails stored in communications service providers, the law enforcement should apply for warrants according to the Code of Crminal Procedure. Moreover, communication privacy protects communications from the scope of senders' control to recipients'. Thus, those e-mails which arrive at the communications service and have not been read are out of the protection of communication privacy. Last, although the Supreme Court held that Article 133-1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure applies to the obtainment of e-mails stored in communications service providers, due to the nature of e-mails, related provisions do not conform to the obtainment of e-mails. The Code of Criminal Procedure should to be revised accordingly; and, before the revision, related provisions should be interpreted and applied based on character of information.
|
参考文献
|
-
李榮耕(2012)。電磁紀錄的搜索及扣押。臺大法學論叢,41(3),1055-1116。
連結:
-
李榮耕(2014)。刑事審判程序中數位證據的證據能力:以傳聞法則及驗真程序為主。臺北大學法學論叢,91,169-211。
連結:
-
李榮耕(2016)。數位資料及附帶搜索:以行動電話內的資訊為例。臺北大學法學論叢,100,245-322。
連結:
-
溫祖德(2018)。從 Jones 案論使用 GPS 定位追蹤器之合憲性:兼評馬賽克理論。東吳法律學報,30(1),121-167。
連結:
-
熊誦梅,溫祖德(2018)。從馬賽克理論(Mosaic Theory)談通訊使用者資料之法官保留:評智慧財產權法院 106 年度刑智上易字第65號刑事判決。法令月刊,69(9),34-51。
連結:
-
薛智仁(2018)。2017 年刑事程序法回顧:刑事救濟程序、證據法則與強制處分。臺大法學論叢,47(特刊),1881-1929。
連結:
-
Bellia, P. L.,Freiwald, S.(2008).Fourth Amendment Protection for Stored E-Mail.University Chicago Legal Forum,2008,121-177.
-
Selmi, M.(2006).Privacy for the Working Class: Public and Private Lives.Louisiana Law Review,66(4),1035-1056.
-
王士帆(2016)。網路之刑事追訴:科技與法律的較勁。政大法學評論,145,339-390。
-
王兆鵬(2004).新刑訴.新思維.自刊.
-
王兆鵬(2000).搜索扣押與刑事被告的憲法權利.自刊.
-
王兆鵬,李榮耕,張明偉(2020).刑事訴訟法(上).自刊.
-
王郁琦(2004).資訊、電信與法律.元照.
-
甘添貴(1999).體系刑法各論 I.自刊.
-
朱帥俊(2011)。論電子證據之分類與傳聞法則。司法新聲,99,37-52。
-
何家弘(編)(2002).電子證據法研究.法律出版社.
-
吳巡龍(2019)。伺服器傳真影像之調取。月旦法學教室,197,23-25。
-
李榮耕(2008)。I Am Listening to You:釋字第六三一號解釋、令狀原則及修正後通訊保障及監察法(上)。台灣法學雜誌,104,47-60。
-
李榮耕(2013)。臨檢與搜索:最高法院一○一年度台上字第七六三號刑事判決。裁判時報,20,78-87。
-
李榮耕(2018).通訊保障及監察法.新學林.
-
李榮耕(2020).通訊監察及隱私保護.元照.
-
李榮耕(2020).數位時代中的搜索扣押.元照.
-
李榮耕(2012)。特定明確原則與機動性通訊監察。政大法學評論,126,105-153。
-
李榮耕(2010)。拒絕證言告知義務之違反及其法律效果:簡評最高法院九八年度台上字第五九五二號判決。台灣法學雜誌,153,223-229。
-
李震山(2007)。挪動通訊保障與通訊監察天平上的法碼:釋字第六三一號解釋評析。台灣法學雜誌,98,283-291。
-
林山田(2002).刑法各罪論(上).自刊.
-
林永謀(2006).刑事訴訟法釋論(上).自刊.
-
林東茂(2012).刑法綜覽.一品.
-
林俊益(2020).刑事訴訟法概論(上冊).新學林.
-
林鈺雄(2001).搜索扣押註釋書.自刊.
-
林鈺雄(2020).刑事訴訟法(上).自刊.
-
林騰鷂(2018).中華民國憲法.三民.
-
許育典(2013).憲法.元照.
-
陳瑞仁(2001)。搜索票應記載與得記載事項。司法周刊,1043,2-2。
-
陳樸生(1999).刑事訴訟法實務.自刊.
-
黃朝義(2018)。網路通訊資料保障與網路通訊監察:以取得過去已結束通訊內容為主。中央警察大學法學論集,35,45-89。
-
黃程貫(2005)。雇主監看員工電子郵件之合法界線:台北地院九一年勞訴字第一三九號民事判決評釋。台灣法學雜誌,73,206-211。
-
劉定基(2005)。資訊時代的職場隱私權保護:以台北地院九十一年度勞訴字第一三九號判決為中心。律師雜誌,307,52-64。
-
蔡墩銘(1997).刑事證據法論.五南.
-
蔡德明(2006).鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜.上奇.
|