在炎熱的環境中身體熱能的代謝方式對運動表現的影響

Body Temperature, Metabolic Rate, and Performance in a Hot Environment

10.6980/TZXYTY.201001.0066

高紹源(Shao-Yuan Kao)；林献巃(Hsien-Lung Lin)

炎熱環境 ； 熱量排泄 ； 流汗 ； Hot environment ； heat dissipation ； sweating

臺中學院體育

6期（2010 / 01 / 01）

67 - 76

繁體中文

在運動的過程中，能量代謝不斷地在增加，其主要目的在提供運動時所需要的能量，同時也不斷地產生熱能，這些熱能堆積在體內會促使身體溫度的上升。然而，人體為恆溫動物，在非睡眠狀態時，其體溫須保持在36.5℃與37.5℃之間（女生生理期間體溫會增加0.4℃左右），當因過多的熱量堆積在體內而使體溫上升高於37.5時，身體的排泄熱能的管道就會有所改變，然而其散熱管道仍不出傳導、對流、幅射及蒸發四種方式。在運動的過程中，身體內的主要排泄熱能途徑，是靠表皮的血流速度及流汗的方式，將體內過多的熱能排出體外。因為這些過多的熱能若未能適時地排出體內，則體溫會加速上升，如此會有害身體機能的正常運作。在運動過程中，產生的大量熱能，這些熱能最主要以流汗的方式排出體內，所以身體內產生的熱能愈多，其排汗的也會愈快，產生的量也會愈多。另外，男生與女生在生理構造上的差異，也導致在運動過程中，其排泄熱能的方式也有所不同。

Muscular exercise increases metabolic rate above resting levels, thus producing a considerable amount of heat that must be dissipated to the environment to protect the health of the individual. The human possesses an elaborate set of mechanisms which regulates body temperature and includes two control systems: behavioral temperature regulation and physiological temperature regulation. Behavioral temperature regulation operates largely through conscious, willed behavior to employ any means available. Physiological temperature regulation operates through the autonomic nervous system, and includes control of 1) rate of metabolic heat production, 2) heat flow via the blood from the core to the skin, and 3) sweating. Even without heat stress, a relatively high cardiac output is required to maintain the high level of metabolism during exercise. When heat stress is combined with exercise, the cardiovascular system may be pushed closed to its limit to simultaneously support the competing metabolic and thermoregulatory demands for blood flow.

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