橄欖球員疲勞恢復的生理狀態對比賽影響之探討

Physiological state rugby player fatigue recovery to investigate the effects of competition.

劉曜堂；陳崇豪

生理功能 ； 疲勞指標 ； 受傷發生率 ； Physiological function ； Fatigue index ； The incidence of injuries

長榮運動休閒學刊

11期（2017 / 06 / 30）

56 - 62

繁體中文

目前橄欖球發展除了十五人制之外，還有已在2016 年列入奧運正式比賽項目的七人制橄欖球，雖然七人制比賽時間很短，但需在二天內進行5 至6 場比賽，對體能是很大的挑戰，而在長時間的訓練或比賽中，可能誘發相關的骨骼肌結構與功能改變，使得生理原有功能之能力降低，產生一連串的發炎症狀或因疲勞的累積，而導致選手的受傷率和傷害發生之情形提高，因此如何減少受傷或降低肌肉骨骼損傷的發生是相當重要的策略，而生理功能恢復的過程中可透過生化指標以及肌肉組織的變化，進行檢測生理恢復之速度，並了解疲勞可能引起的發炎反應造成傷害的原因與發生率，而本文透過文獻探討分析其受傷率及因應之對策，以幫助選手在訓練或比賽時能展現最佳狀態。

The current development of rugby in addition to fifteen people outside the system and there are also seven-man rugby that has been included in the Olympic Games in 2016. Although the seven-man game time is very short, they still have to compete five to six games in two days. It is a big challenge to their physical agility. However, training or competition in long time may induce related skeletal muscle structure and function changes. So that the ability to reduce the original function of the original function. And then produce a series of inflammatory symptoms or accumulation due to fatigue which led to the player's injury rate and injury situation increased. Therefore, how to reduce the injury or the occurrence of musculoskeletal injury is a very important strategy. And the recovery of physiological function through the biochemical indicators and changes in muscle tissue to detect the rate of physiological recovery. It can understand the causes and incidence of injury caused by fatigue that may cause irritation. Then we can through this literature to explore the injury rate and response to the countermeasures. And it can help the player to show the best condition in the training or competition.

1. 莊國禎、張振崗(2014)。七人制橄欖球的生理需求與訓練。國立台灣體育運動大學學報，3(1)，55-64。
   連結：
2. Capó, X.,Martorell, M.,Sureda, A.,Llompart, I.,Tur, J. A.,Pons, A.(2015).Diet supplementation with DHA-enriched food in football players during training season enhances the mitochondrial antioxidant capabilities in blood mononuclear cells.European journal of nutrition,54(1),35-49.
3. Cummins, C.,Orr, R.(2015).Analysis of physical collisions in elite national rugby league match play.International journal of sports physiology and performance,10(6),732-739.
4. Eagles, A. N.,Lovell, D. I.(2016).Changes in sleep quantity and efficiency in professional rugby union players during home-based training and match play.The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness,56(5),565-571.
5. Gabbett, T. J.(2000).Incidence, site, and nature of injuries in amateur rugby league over three consecutive seasons.British Journal of Sports Medicine,34(2),98-103.
6. Gabbett, T. J.(2002).Incidence of injury in amateur rugby league sevens.British Journal of Sports Medicine,36(1),23-26.
7. Greig, M.,Siegler, J. C.(2009).Soccer-specific fatigue and eccentric hamstrings muscle strength.Journal of athletic training,44(2),180-184.
8. Holtzhausen, L. J.,Schwellnus, M. P.,Jakoet, I.,Pretorius, A. L.(2006).The incidence and nature of injuries in South African rugby players in the rugby Super 12 competition: original article.South African Medical Journal,96(12),1260-1265.
9. Johnston, R. D.,Gibson, N. V.,Twist, C.,Gabbett, T. J.,MacNay, S. A.,MacFarlane, N. G.(2013).Physiological responses to an intensified period of rugby league competition.The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,27(3),643-654.
10. Minett, G. M.,Duffield, R.(2014).Is recovery driven by central or peripheral factors. A role for the brain in recovery following intermittent-sprint exercise.Frontiers in physiology,5,24.
11. Murphy, A. P.,Snape, A. E.,Minett, G. M.,Skein, M.,Duffield, R.(2013).The effect of post-match alcohol ingestion on recovery from competitive rugby league matches.The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,27(5),1304-1312.
12. Reinke, S.,Karhausen, T.,Doehner, W.,Taylor, W.,Hottenrott, K.,Duda, G. N.,Reinke, P.,Volk, H.D.,Anker, S. D.(2009).The influence of recovery and training phases on body composition, peripheral vascular function and immune system of professional soccer players.PloS one,4(3),e4910.
13. Russell, M.,Birch, J.,Love, T.,Cook, C. J.,Bracken, R. M.,Taylor, T.,Swift, E.,Cockburn, E.,Finn, C.,Cunningham, D.,Wilson, L.,Kilduff, L.(2017).The effects of a single whole-body cryotherapy exposure on physiological, performance, and perceptual responses of professional academy soccer players after repeated sprint exercise.The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,31(2),415-421.
14. Suzuki, M.,Umeda, T.,Nakaji, S.,Shimoyama, T.,Mashiko, T.,Sugawara, K.(2004).Effect of incorporating low intensity exercise into the recovery period after a rugby match.British journal of sports medicine,38(4),436-440.
15. Takahashi, I.,Umeda, T.,Mashiko, T.,Chinda, D.,Oyama, T.,Sugawara, K.,Nakaji, S.(2007).Effects of rugby sevens matches on human neutrophil-related non-specific immunity.British journal of sports medicine,41(1),13-18.