2016里約奧運會乒乓球女子單打前八強選手得分手段分析與探討

The tactical comparison and analysis of winning points among the top 8 women 's singles in 2016 Rio Olympic Games

鄭先知；陳金海；陳思羽；沈啟賓；張富貴

奧運會 ； 乒乓球 ； 女子單打 ； 攻擊型 ； 削球型 ； Olympic Games ； table tennis ； women's singles ； attack-type ； chop

長榮運動休閒學刊

12期（2018 / 06 / 30）

44 - 54

繁體中文

本研究目的在分析2016年里約奧運會乒乓球女子單打前八強選手得分技術，並將結果提供給桌球選手在日後技術訓練上作為參考。研究方法是使用觀察法，以桌球三段比賽紀錄表登錄2016里約奧運會乒乓球女子單打前八強選手比賽技術，相關變項包括：發球搶攻段得分率、接發球搶攻段得分率、相持段得分率、發球搶攻段使用率、接發球搶攻段使用率、相持段使用率、發球搶攻段加權得分率、接發球搶攻段加權得分率、相持段加權得分率等。所得資料以描述統計、t考驗進行分析。結果發現：一、選手比賽三段技術評估：攻擊型選手在發球搶攻段得分率為良好、接發球搶攻段得分率為不及格、相持段得分率為良好、發球搶攻段使用率為較低、接發球搶攻段使用率為較低、相持段使用率為較高；削球型選手：發球搶攻段得分率良好、接發球搶攻段得分率為及格、相持段得分率為良好、發球搶攻段使用率為較低、接發球搶攻段使用率較低、相持段使用率為較高。二、選手比賽三段技術表現差異：攻擊型選手和削球型選手三段技術表現均未達到顯著差異；贏球方和輸球方三段技術表現在發球搶攻段得分率、接發球搶攻段得分率、相持段得分率、相持段加權得分率等四個變項達到顯著差異，且都是贏球方顯著優於輸球方。三、影響攻擊型選手比賽主要技術因素為相持段加權得分率。建議：日後應以相持段攻防技術做針對性訓練，並以發球搶攻段做為訓練重點，突出技術特長，並加強個人接發球搶攻段技巧。

This research intended to examine the scoring technique of the eight finalists in the Women's Singles in Table Tennis in Rio 2016 (2016 Summer Olympics), and to provide the results as references to table tennis athletes for training in the future. The observation method is used as research methodology with the records of three-stage techniques in the contest in 2016 Rio as objects to find out the technical performances of the eight finalists in women's table tennis singles. The related variables include: the scoring rate for the stage in serving the ball to attack, the scoring rate for the stage in receiving the serve to attack, and the scoring rate for the standoff stage; the using rate of serving the ball to attack, the using rate for the stage in receiving the serve to attack, and the using rate for the standoff stage; the weight scoring rate for the stage in serving the ball to attack, the weight scoring rate for the stage in receiving the serve to attack, and the weight scoring rate for the standoff stage. The collected data will be analyzed with descriptive statistics and t-test. The results discovered that 1. The evaluation of the athletes in the three-stage techniques: the performance of attack-type athletes is good in the scoring rate for the stage in serving the ball to attack, failing for the stage in the scoring rate of the stage in receiving the serve to attack, good for the stage in the scoring rate in the standoff stage, comparatively low for the stage in using rate in serving the ball to attack, comparatively low for the stage in the using rate of receiving the serve to attack, and comparative high for the stage in for the standoff stage. 2. The difference of athletes' performance of three-stage techniques: there was no significant difference for the attack-type athletes and chopping-type athletes. There were significant differences in the four variables of the scoring rate for the stage in serving the ball to attack, the scoring rate for the stage in receiving the serve to attack, the scoring rate for the standoff stage, and the weight-scoring rate for the standoff stage. Moreover, the winners tend to perform better than the losers. 3. The major technical factors that affect the attack type athletes were the weight scoring rate for the standoff stage. Suggestions: training in the techniques of attack and defense for the standoff stage should be enhanced, with the stage in serving the ball to attack as the core of technical training to highlight the strong point in the technique. In addition, the techniques for the stage of serving the ball to attack of individual should also be promoted.

1. 張富貴、游鳳芸、陳金海、侯淑玲(2012)。世界級女子桌球選手單打比賽技術分析。世界級女子桌球選手單打比賽技術分析，3，16-27。
   連結：
2. 郭山本、陳金海、張富貴、侯淑玲、鄭炎坤(2013)。頂尖女子桌球選手技術分析。長榮運動休閒學刊，7，49-55。
   連結：
3. 游鳳芸(2014)。奧運女子桌球選手單打技術分析探討─以2012 年、2008 年奧運為例。興大體育學刊，13，91-103。
   連結：
4. 蕭政毅、陳金海、張富貴(2014)。第50 屆世界乒乓球女子團體錦標賽技術分析。長榮運動休閒學刊，8，21-28。
   連結：
5. 簡貝伊、侯淑玲、陳金海、吳燕貴(2011)。女子桌球團體冠軍決賽技術分析探討。長榮運動休閒學刊，5，66-73。
   連結：
6. 蘇士勛、陳金海、周鳳珍、施國森、張世沛(2013)。桌球比賽贏球與輸球之技術比較。長榮運動休閒學刊，7，13-18。
   連結：
7. Siedentop, D.(1983).Developing teaching skills in P. E..California:Mayfield Publishing Company.
8. 王文科(1999)。教育研究法。台北市:五男圖書。
9. 張曉蓬(2004)。博士論文(博士論文)。北京市，北京體育大學。
10. 許樹淵(1995)。1992 奧運會網球單打賽技術成績分析。中華體育，9(2)，59-66。
11. 黃怡樺(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。中國文化大學運動教練研究所，中國文化大學運動教練研究所。
12. 謝亞龍(1992)。中國優勢競技項目致勝規律。北京市:人民體育出版社。