意象訓練及放鬆引導對於芭蕾舞者身體適能與心理狀態的影響

The Effect of Imagery Practice and Relaxation Guide on Ballet Dancers' Physical Fitness and Mental States

桑得瑄；洪寶蓮

意象訓練 ； 放鬆引導 ； 芭蕾 ； 身體適能 ； 心理狀態 ； Imagery practice ； relaxation guide ； ballet ； physical fitness ； mental states

長榮運動休閒學刊

17期（2023 / 06 / 30）

29 - 40

繁體中文;英文

良好的身體能力對專業舞者來說是不可或缺的基礎，研究指出利用意象訓練，舞者只需在腦中想像執行一項任務，就能提升執行動作的能力（Christensen et al., 2021）。目的：探討意象訓練及放鬆引導對於芭蕾舞者身體適能（柔軟度及平衡能力）及心理狀態（心理幸福感及快樂指數）的影響情形。方法：本研究採實驗法進行，共招募15名大學生芭蕾舞者，隨機分配為實驗組一（進行意象訓練）、實驗組二（先給予放鬆引導再進行意象訓練）和控制組。使用量角儀及單足踮腳測試測量身體適能；使用心理幸福量表及快樂指數量表評估心理狀態。以單因子變異數分析及成對樣本t檢定進行資料分析。研究結果：實驗組一及實驗組二經成對樣本t檢定發現顯著差異，後測的柔軟度優於前測（p<.05）。在心理幸福感及快樂指數檢定結果中，實驗組一及實驗組二未達顯著，與控制組相比平均分數皆有提升。結論：意象訓練及放鬆引導能提升舞者柔軟度，對舞者心理狀態得分雖有提升，但未達顯著。舞蹈科學（dance science）是專業舞者訓練中很重要的一部分（Couillandre et al., 2008），期望未來能提供舞者更多的心理技能訓練，改善舞者身體適能及心理狀態，進而延長舞者職業生涯。

Outstanding physical abilities are essential for professional dancers, study have shown that dancers can enhance their dance performance through imagery practice. (Christensen et al., 2021). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of imagery practice and relaxation guide on ballet dancers' physical fitness (flexibility and balance) and mental states (psychological well-being and subjective well-being). Methods: A total of 15 university ballet dancers aged above 20 were recruited for this experimental study and randomly assigned to Experiment Group 1 (imagery practice), Experiment Group 2 (relaxation guide followed by imagery practice), and Control Group. Physical fitness was measured using Goniometer, and Stork balance stand test, while mental states were evaluated using the psychological well-being scale and subjective well-being scale. Data were analyzed using Paired-Sample T Test and One-Way ANOVA. Results: Experiment Group 1 and 2 showed significant difference by paired samples t-test, with post-test flexibility being superior to pre-test flexibility(p<.05). In terms of psychological well-being and subjective well-being, neither Experimental Group 1 nor Experimental Group 2 reached statistical significance, but both groups showed increased average scores compared to the Control Group. Conclusion: Imagery practice and relaxation guide can enhance dancers' flexibility and have a positive effect on their mental states. Dance science is an essential part of professional dancer training (Couillandre et al., 2008), it is hoped that in the future, more psychological skills training can be provided to dancers to improve their physical fitness and mental state, thus prolonging their dance careers.

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