大學生的捐血知識、捐血態度與捐血行為之探討：以臺北地區某大學為例

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Blood Donation Among Students in a University in Taipei

10.3966/207010632018120050002

廖麗如(Li-Ju Liao)；張晏蓉(Yen-Jung Chang)

大學生 ； 捐血行為 ； 捐血知識 ； 捐血態度 ； undergraduate students ； blood donation ； blood donation knowledge ； blood donation attitude

健康促進與衛生教育學報

50期（2019 / 12 / 31）

43 - 68

繁體中文

本研究目標為探討大學生的捐血知識、態度與捐血行為之間的相關性。根據醫療財團法人台灣血液基金會的數據統計，捐血人次及國民捐血率在近六年逐步下降，且年輕捐血族群同樣也日漸減少，因此，如何維持穩定的血液供給成為臺灣醫療的重要議題。本研究以自編問卷進行調查，為橫斷性研究，研究族群為臺北地區某大專院校20歲以上的大學生，採便利性取樣，有效樣本數為372人。以SPSS進行描述性與推論性統計。研究結果如下：一、研究對象在過去一年內有捐血行為的有12.6%；二、研究對象在捐血知識量表的答對率為62.2%，女性答對率（63.8%）較男性答對率（58.9%）高；三、捐血態度總平均得分為3.78分（單一題項分數為1～5分）；四、捐血知識量表答對率愈高，愈容易出現捐血行為（OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06），而捐血態度量表的分數愈高（愈傾向正向態度），愈容易出現捐血行為（OR = 7.62, 95%CI = 3.16-18.36）。本研究建議於大專院校校園內採用的捐血推廣方式如下：一、透過講座及課程來增加捐血知識教育；二、擺放相關海報或播放捐血影片，減少年輕人捐血時的疑慮，減少負向態度；三、舉辦捐血營隊、捐血志工團隊，加強年輕人捐血助人的態度。

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practice of blood donation among undergraduate students. The statistics of the Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, the blood donation rate and national blood donation rate had gradually decreased in the past six years, and the young blood donor group had also been decreasing. Therefore, how to maintain a stable blood supply has become an important issue in Taiwan's medical care. Research methods were investigated by self-administered questionnaire. It's a convenient sampling study. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were undergraduate students over 20-year-old in a school in Taipei. The self-administered questionnaire was given to 372 participants. Using SPSS performed descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Among study participants, 12.6% had ever donated blood during the past year. 2. Overall, the rate of correctly answering to the questionnaire of knowledge on blood donation was 62.2%. Female participants had a higher score on knowledge questionnaire (63.8%) than male participants (58.9%). 3. Participants had a positive attitude toward blood donation (the average score was 3.78 points out of 5.0 points). 4. Participants who reported a higher score on blood donation knowledge questionnaire were more likely to donate blood in the past year (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06). And participants who reported a higher score on the blood donation attitude questionnaire (with more positive attitude) were more likely to donate blood in the past year (OR = 7.62, 95% CI = 3.16-18.36). It is recommended to promote blood donation among students in university: 1. Through lectures and education to increase students' blood donation knowledge. 2. Place relevant posters or blood donation videos to reduce their negative attitudes and doubts during blood donation. 3. Organize blood donation camps and volunteer teams, to strengthen the attitude of donating blood to help others.

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