晚清才女的成長歷程－以安徽旌德呂氏姊妹為中心

The Construction of Talented Women's Girlhood in the Late Qing Dynasty: A Case Study the Lü Sisters of Jingde, Anhui

10.6352/mhwomen.201012.0259

秦方(Fang Qin)

晚清 ； 才女 ； 童年 ； 知識結構 ； 閨閣文化 ； late Qing dynasty ； talented women ； girlhood ； knowledge structure ； women's culture

近代中國婦女史研究

18期（2010 / 12 / 01）

259 - 294

繁體中文

本文通過對安徽旌德呂家四姊妹的個案研究，試圖建構一幅近代才女的早期生活圖景，探討她們在童年和少女的生活經歷中，通過怎樣的途徑，接受了哪些教育，受到哪些影響，形成其日後才女身分並構成其相關知識體系。作者認爲，在呂家四位女兒成長過程中，父親與母親在其經歷和知識來源上扮演了不同角色。父親代表了一種（儒家）權威性的形象，其仕途的起落決定了女兒們幼年教育的場所、方式以及智識層面。而經由父親所傳遞的時事性知識，成爲她們在實際生活中體驗閨閣之外世界的重要來源。同時，以父親去世爲標誌的家變使得四個女兒的物質生活、心理感受乃至日後的人生軌跡都出現了相當劇烈的變化。在另一方面，母親更多地代表了一種普世性、道德性思想的來源，其關於佛家慈悲戒殺的思想、因果輪迴的神秘主義和宿命論以及堅韌、貞潔、慈愛等傳統女性思想的傳遞，在很大程度上鋪墊了四個女兒生活經驗的基本色調，使得呂家母女關係表現出一種延續性和穩定性，構成了閨閣文化傳延的重要因素。

In this article, I construct a picture of talented women's girlhood in the late Qing period using the four Lü sisters from Jingde, Anhui province as a case study. I will explore what kinds of materials these four sisters received for their education, and how these elements contributed to their reputation as talented women when they grew up. I argue that each parent played a significantly different role in their knowledge structure. On the one hand, as an authoritative image in their childhood, their father decided how they were comprehensively educated and to what extent. He was also a bridge that connected the inner chamber of the daughters with the outside world. Meanwhile, the death of their father dramatically changed his daughters' self-perception and their life trajectories. On the other hand, their mother represented a more universal and moral knowledge source. Her ideas on not killing, karma, and feminine virtues set the basic tone for her four daughters and thus transmitted the inner chamber culture from one generation to another.

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