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英文摘要
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Eclecticism is ubiquitous in the highly westernized philosophy of Chang Tung-sun [Zhang Dongsun]. This feature is in accord with the thirteenth and fourteenth points about Chinese eclecticism as enumerated by Charles Moore in his formidable list of twenty-one notable features of Chinese thought.
The westernized character of Chang's thought can be dealt with on three levels. The first level concerns western books he read (or even merely consulted), which rests on a straight-forward but superficial methodology. The second level concerns his strenuous efforts to ”introduce” western thought, or more properly speaking, his transformation of western ideas, doctrines, and schools of thought for the sake of meeting China's environment and needs. The third level is closely related to Chang's establishment and advocacy of philosophical systems on the basis of such a heroic transformation.
After having dealt with the undoubted westernized character in Chang's philosophy, this article then focuses on his eclecticism as the crux of his whole thought. From Chang's point of view, eclecticism is itself an ideal or preferable attitude, approach, method, and principle for dealing with the intercourse between Chinese and western philosophies, thought, and cultures. This article highlights how, to fulfill this ideal, Chang consistently had to change his views, which in turn affected his eclecticism in an open-ended way throughout his life.
Taking seriously the argument that Chang probably was ”the most westernized” Chinese thinker of his day, this article is designed to examine precisely how his eclecticism was central to his philosophy.
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