英文摘要
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The article discusses the fin de siècle thinking of Schopenhauer, Eduard von Hartmann, and Nietzsche in late Qing China. Schopenhauer's theory of blind life force catered to both naturalists and symbolists, and found a sympathetic ear in Wang Guowei, who founded the first "modernist" aesthetics in China. The article also revises the accepted view of the alleged disjunction in Wang's intellectual career. Wang was among the earliest translators of experimental psychology in China. Yet both Kant and Wilhelm Wundt averred that the higher activities of the mind can only be studied through cultural history, and that was the path Wang pursued. Hartmann's doctrine of human evolution toward mankind's collective nirvana finds echoes in Zhang Taiyan's "co-evolution" thesis. Nietzsche deems the Superman a remedy for the decadent nineteenth century, a view echoed in China by Lu Xun out of context. The impact of fin de siècle thinking was mediated by Japan.
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