题名 |
清嘉慶年間湖南苗疆的「均田屯勇」 |
并列篇名 |
Juntian Tunyong on the Nineteenth-Century Hunan Miao Frontier |
作者 |
李文良(Lee Wen-liang) |
关键词 |
邊疆 ; 屯田制度 ; 乾嘉變革 ; 軍事化 ; 地方財政 ; Hunan Miao frontier ; military-agriculture land system (tuntian) ; Qianlong-Jiaqing transition ; militarization |
期刊名称 |
近代史研究所集刊 |
卷期/出版年月 |
102期(2018 / 12 / 01) |
页次 |
1 - 36 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
清廷將乾嘉之際波及整個苗疆的社會動亂,歸因於大量外來移民侵占苗民土地資源,從而導致苗民貧困、族群對立衝突。因此在善後事宜的政策規劃上,強烈指示促使地方社會回歸明代的狀態:民苗以明末構築的邊牆為界,將民佔苗地清查歸苗,使雙方各自在原有的空間內居住。然而,地方官員在執行政策的過程中,為了兼顧社會實態及朝廷期待,借用了歷史時期的屯田政策之名,在苗疆推動了「均田屯勇」政策。本研究將表明,此一符合古典教義卻在內容上極具彈性的「均屯」,如何在地方官員面對上述兩難的困境下,被推出、執行及擴大,成為表面具一致性且施行範圍迅速及於整個苗疆的制度。 |
英文摘要 |
Social disturbances occurred over the whole of the Miao frontier at the turn of the nineteenth century. The Qianlong Emperor attributed the disturbances to the encroachments of Miao lands by Han settlers. Han encroachments, according to the emperor, impoverished the Miao people and, therefore, provoked antagonism between Han and Miao. The Qianlong Emperor attempted to restore the social order by implementing Ming arrangements. He instructed local officials to separate the Miao and Han people and return lands illegally occupied by Han to the Miao. As the expectation of the court sometimes conflicted with the social realities of the frontier, the local officials used the military-agriculture land system (tuntian) as a historical precedent to formulate the system known as juntian tunyong. The present article argues that it was in order to fulfill the needs of both the court and local society that the local officials formulated, executed, and further expanded the juntian tunyong system. They ultimately developed an ostensibly uniform system and applied it to the whole Miao frontier because it was a system that in fact allowed considerable flexibility. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
歷史學 |
参考文献 |
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被引用次数 |
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