题名

雙職涯家庭工作者工作角色認定與工作－家庭衝突之關係：探討性別與家庭時間投入的聯合調節效果

并列篇名

Work-role Identity and Work-Family Conflict of Workers in Dual-career Family: Examining the Joint Effects of Gender and Family Time Commitment

作者

陳淑貞(Shu-Chen Chen)；戚樹誠(Shu-Cheng Chi)

关键词

工作—家庭衝突 ； 工作角色認定 ； 性別 ； 家庭時間投入 ； 雙職涯家庭 ； work-family conflict ； work role identity ； gender ； family time commitment ； dual-career family

期刊名称

組織與管理

卷期/出版年月

6卷2期（2013 / 08 / 01）

页次

47 - 78

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

本研究的目的是探討雙職涯家庭工作者之性別與家庭時間投入對工作角色認定與工作—家庭衝突關係的調節效果。我們以社會所賦予的性別角色期許和工作者的家庭時間投入來推論此一三階交互作用，研究對象包括385位中國某企業員工及其配偶的資料。研究結果發現，當工作者的性別是女性時，家庭時間投入弱化了工作角色認定與工作—家庭衝突的正向關係，亦即，低家庭時間投入的女性工作者，她們的工作角色認定與工作—家庭衝突存在正相關；但對高家庭時間投入之女性工作者而言，此關係則被弱化。而當工作者的性別是男性時，其工作角色認定與工作—家庭衝突的正向關係不存在，且此一關係不受到家庭時間投入的調節效果。研究最後根據研究結果進行理論與實務意涵的討論，並提出對未來研究的若干建議。
英文摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the interactive effects of gender and family time commitment on the relationship between work role identity and workfamily conflict among dual-career workers. We use social role expectations and workers' family time commitment to theorize the three-way interaction effects. We collected data from 385 employees in a company in China and their spouses. Our results showed that family time commitment weakened the positive relationships between work role identity and work-family conflict for female respondents. When female respondents committed low amount of family time, their work role identity positively related to work-family conflict. By contrast, when female respondents committed high amount of family time, the positive relationship became weaker. Furthermore, we did not find significant relationships between work role identity and work-family conflict for male respondents, and the moderating effect by family time commitment on the above relationship was found insignificant for male respondents. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end of the paper. Several future research directions are suggested.
主题分类 社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 陳富美、利翠珊(2004)。夫妻的育兒經驗：親職分工與共親職的探討。中華心理衛生學刊，17(4)，1-28。
    連結：
  2. 邱曉華（2006）。中國統計年鑒—2006。北京市：中華人民共和國國家統計局。
  3. Allen, T. D.(2001).Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions.Journal of Vocational Behavior,58(3),414-435.
  4. Allen, T. D.,Herst, D. E.,Bruck, C. S.,Sutton, M.(2000).Consequence associated with work to family conflict: A review and agenda for future research.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,5,278-308.
  5. Anker, R.(1997).Theories of occupational segregation by sex: An overview.International Labour Review,136,315-339.
  6. Aryee, S.,Fields, D.,Luk, V.(1999).A cross-cultural test of a model of the work-family interface.Journal of Management,25(4),491-511.
  7. Bagger, J.,Li, A.,Gutek, B. A.(2008).How much do you value your family and does it matter? The joint effects of family identity salience, familyinterference-with-work, and gender.Human Relations,61(2),187-211.
  8. Barnett, R. C.,Raudenbush, S. W.,Brennan, R. T.,Pleck, J. H.,Marshall, N. I.(1995).Changes in job and martial experience and change in psychological distress: A longitudinal study of dual-earner couples.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,69,839-850.
  9. Baruch, Y.,Nicholson, N.(1997).Home, sweet work: Requirements for effective home working.Journal of General Management,23(2),15-30.
  10. Batt, R.,Valcour, P. M.(2003).Human resource practices as predicators of work-family outcomes and employee turnover.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,42(2),189-220.
  11. Bem, S. L.(1974).The measurement of psychological androgyny.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,42(2),155-162.
  12. Bernard J.(1981).The good-provider role: Its rise and fall.American Psychologist,36(1),1-12.
  13. Beutell, N. J.(1983).An investigation of conflict between work and nonwork roles: Work-role salience, family role expectation, and satisfaction.annual meeting of the Academy of Management,Dallas, Texas:
  14. Bond, J. T.,Thompson, C.,Galinsky, E.,Prottas, D.(2003).The 2002 national study of the changing workforce, families and work institute.New York, NY:Families and Work Institute.
  15. Brislin, R. W.(1970).Back-translation for cross-cultural research.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,1(2),185-216.
  16. Bu, N.,McKeen, C. A.(2000).Work and family expectations of the future managers and professionals of Canada and China.Journal of Managerial Psychology,15(8),771-794.
  17. Byron, K.(2005).A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents.Journal of Vocational Behavior,67,169-198.
  18. Carlson, D. S.,Frone, M. R.(2003).Relation of behavioral and psychological involvement to a new four-factor conceptualization of work-family interference.Journal of Business and Psychology,17(4),515-535.
  19. Carlson, D. S.,Grzywacz, J. G.,Kacmar, K. M.(2010).The relationship of schedule flexibility and outcome via the work-family interface.Journal of Managerial Psychology,25(4),330-355.
  20. Carlson, D. S.,Kacmar, K. M.(2000).Work-family conflict in the organization: Do life role values make a difference?.Journal of Management,26(5),1031-1054.
  21. Carlson, D. S.,Kacmar, K. M.,Stepina, L. P.(1995).An examination of two aspects of work-family conflict: Time and identity.Women in Management Review,10(2),17-25.
  22. Casper, W. J.,Eby, L. T.,Bordeaux, C.,Lockwood, A.,Lambert, D.(2007).A review of research methods in IO/OB work-family research.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(1),28-43.
  23. Chen, Y. C.,Wu, Y. A.,Chie, W. C.(2006).Effects of work-related factors on the breastfeeding behavior of working mothers in Taiwanese semiconductor manufacture: A cross-sectional survey.BMC Public Health,6,160-168.
  24. Cinamon, R. G.,Rich, Y.(2002).Profiles of attribution of importance to life roles and their implications for the work-family conflict.Journal of Counseling Psychology,49(2),212-220.
  25. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.(1983).Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  26. Coltrane, S.(2000).Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work.Journal of Marriage and Family,62,1208-1234.
  27. Day, A. L.,Chamberlain, T. C.(2006).Committing to your work, spouse, and children: Implications for work-family conflict.Journal of Vocational Behavior,68,116-130.
  28. Demerouti, E.,Bakker, A. B.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2005).Spillover and crossover of exhaustion and life satisfaction among dual-earner parents.Journal of Vocational Behavior,67(2),266-289.
  29. Diefenbach, H.(2003).Gender ideologies, relative resources and the division of housework in intimate relationships: A test of human rodman's theory of resources in cultural context.International Journal of Comparative Sociology,43,45-64.
  30. Duxbury, L. E.,Higgins, C. A.(1991).Gender difference in work-family conflict.Journal of Applied Psychology,76(1),60-72.
  31. Edwards, J. R.,Rothbard, N. P.(2000).Mechanism linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs.Academy of Management Review,25,178-199.
  32. Elloy, D. F.,Mackie, B.(2002).Overload and work-family conflict among Australian dual-career families: Moderating effects of support.Psychological Reports,91(3),907-913.
  33. Erez, M.,Earley, P. C.(1993).Culture, self-identity, and work.New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
  34. Ferree, M. M.(1991).The gender division of labor in two-earner marriages: Dimensions of variability and change.Journal of Family Issues,12,158-180.
  35. Frone, M. R.(2000).Work-family conflict and employed psychiatric disorders: The national commorbidity study.Journal of Applied Psychology,85,888-895.
  36. Frone, M. R.,Russell, M.,Cooper, M. L.(1992).Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface.Journal of Applied Psychology,77,65-78.
  37. Frye, K. N.,Breauge, J. A.(2004).Family-friendly policies, supervisor support, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and satisfaction: A test of conceptual model.Journal of Business Psychology,19(2),197-220.
  38. Golden, L.(2001).Flexible work schedules: Which workers get them?.American Behavioral Scientist,44,1157-1178.
  39. Grandey, A. A.,Cordeiro, B. L.,Michael, J. H.(2007).Work-family supportiveness organizational perceptions: Important for the well-being of male blue-collar hourly workers.Journal of Vocational Behavior,71(3),460-478.
  40. Green, F.(2004).Why has work effort become more intense?.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,43(4),709-741.
  41. Greenhaus, J. H.,Beutell, N. J.(1985).Source of conflict between work and family roles.Academy of Management Review,10(1),76-88.
  42. Greenhaus, J. H.,Powell, G. N.(2006).When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment.Academy of Management Review,31(1),72-92.
  43. Gutek, B. A.,Searle, S.,Klepa, L.(1991).Relational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict.Journal of Applied Psychology,76(4),560-568.
  44. Hall, D. T.,Schneider, B.,Nygren, H. T.(1970).Personal factors in organizational identification.Administrative Science Quarterly,15,176-190.
  45. Hammer, L. B.,Allen, E.,Grigsby, T. D.(1997).Work-family conflict in dualearner couples: Within individual and crossover effects of work and family.Journal of Vocational Behavior,50,185-203.
  46. Hammer, L. B.,Neal, M. B.,Newsom, J. T.,Brockwood, K. J.,Colton, C. L.(2005).A longitudinal study of the effects of dual-earner couples' utilization of family friendly workplace support on work and family outcomes.Journal of Applied Psychology,90(4),799-810.
  47. Higgins, C. A.,Duxbury, L. E.(1992).A comparison of dual-career and traditional-career men.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(4),389-411.
  48. Higgins, C.,Duxbury L.,Johnson, K. L.(2000).Part-time work for women: Does it really help balance work and family?.Human Resource Management,39(1),17-32.
  49. Jaccard, J.,Turrisi, R.,Wan, C.(1990).Interaction effects of multiple regression.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  50. Joplin, J. R. W.,Shaffer, M. A.,Francesco, A. M.,Lau, T.(2003).The macroenvironment and work-family conflict development of a cross cultural comparative framework.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,3(3),305-328.
  51. Judge, T. A.,Livingston, B. A.(2008).Is the gap more than gender? A longitudinal analysis of gender, gender role orientation, and earnings.Journal of Applied Psychology,93(5),994-1012.
  52. Kao, R. S.(1987).Status of women in Hong Kong.International Journal of Sociology of the Family,17,25-40.
  53. Kelliher, C.,Anderson, D.(2010).Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work.Human Relations,63(1),83-106.
  54. Kelly, E. L.,Mone, P.,Tranby, E.(2011).Changing workplace to reduce workfamily conflict.American Sociological Review,76(2),265-290.
  55. Kinnunen, U.,Mauno, S.(1998).Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among employed women and men in Finland.Human Relations,51(2),157-177.
  56. Kirchmeyer, C.(1993).Multicultural task groups.Small Group Research,24(1),127-148.
  57. Kopelman, R.,Greenhaus, J.,Connolly, T.(1983).A model of work family and interrole conflict: A construct validation study.Organizational Behavior and Human Resources,32,198-215.
  58. Kossek, E. E.,Lautsch, B. A.,Eaton, S. C.(2006).Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work-family effectiveness.Journal of Vocational Behavior,68(2),347-367.
  59. Kurman, J.(2002).Measured Cross-cultural differences in self-enhancement and the sensitivity of the self enhancement measure to modesty response.Cross-Cultural Research,36,73-95.
  60. Kurman, J.(2001).Is self-enhancement related to modesty or to individualismcollectivism: A test with four Israeli groups.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,4,225-237.
  61. Lang, J. C.,Lee, C. H.(2005).Identity accumulation, others' acceptance, job-search selfefficacy, and stress.Journal of Organizational Behavior,26(3),293-312.
  62. Livingston, B. A.,Judge, T. A.(2008).Emotional responses to work-family conflict: An examination of gender role orientation working men and women.Journal of Applied Psychology,93(1),207-216.
  63. Lodahl, T. M.,Kehner, N.(1965).The definition and measurement of job involvement.Journal of Applied Psychology,49,24-33.
  64. Lu, L.(2006).The transition to parenthood: Stress, resources and gender differences in a Chinese society.Journal of Community Psychology,34,471-488.
  65. Luk, D. M.,Shaffer, M. A.(2005).Work and family domain stressors and support: Within- and cross-domain influences on work-family conflict.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,78,489-508.
  66. Madsen, S. R.(2003).The effect of home-Base teleworking on work-family conflict.Human Resource Development Quarterly,14(1),35-58.
  67. Mael, F.,Ashforth, B. E.(1992).Alumni and their alma master: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational Identification.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13,103-123.
  68. Major, V. S.,Klein, K.,Ehrhart, M. G.(2002).Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress.Journal of Applied Psychology,87(3),427-436.
  69. Markus, H.,Wurf, E.(1987).The dynamic self-concept: A social Psychological perspective.Annual Review of Psychology,38,299-337.
  70. Maume, D. J.(2006).Gender differences in restricting work effects because of family responsibilities.Journal of Marriage and Family,68,859-969.
  71. Michel, J. S.,Kotrba, L. M.,Mitchelson, J. K.,Clark, M. A.,Baltes, B. B.(2010).Antecedents of work-family conflict: A meta-analytic review.Journal of Organizational Behavior,32(5),689-725.
  72. Netemeyer, R. G.,Boles, J. S.,McMurrian, R.(1996).Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales.Journal of Applied Psychology,81(4),400-410.
  73. Noor, N. A.(2004).Work-family conflict, work- and family-role salience, and women's well-being.Journal of Social Psychology,144(4),389-405.
  74. O'Driscoll, M. P.,Ilgen, D. R.,Hildreth, K.(1992).Time devoted to job and off-job activities, interrole conflict, and affective experiences.Journal of Applied Psychology,77,272-279.
  75. Parasuraman, S.,Puohit, Y. S.,Godshalk, V. W.,Beutell, N. J.(1996).Work and family variables, entrepreneurial career success, and psychological wellbeing.Journal of Vocational Behavior,48(4),275-300.
  76. Posig, M.,Kickul, J.(2004).Work-role expectations and work family conflict: Gender differences in emotional exhaustion.Women in Management Review,19(7),373-386.
  77. Quinn, R.,Staines, G.(1979).The 1977 quality of employment survey.Ann Arbor, MI:Survey Research Center.
  78. Robinson, J. P.(ed.),Shaver, P. R.(ed.),Wrightsman, L. S.(ed.)(1991).Measurement of personality and social psychological attitudes.San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
  79. Rosenberg, M.(1968).The logic of survey analysis.New York, NY:Basic Books.
  80. Rothbard, N. P.,Edwards, J. R.(2003).Investment in work and family roles: A test of identity and utilitarian motives.Personnel Psychology,56,699-730.
  81. Ruderman, M. N.,Ohlott, P. J.,Panzer, K.,King, S. N.(2002).Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women.Academy of Management Journal,45(2),369-386.
  82. Schwartz, S. H.(1992).Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries.Advance in Experimental Social Psychology,25,1-65.
  83. Schwartzberg, M. S.,Dytell, R. S.(1996).Dual-earner families: The importance of work stress and family stress for well-being.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,1(2),211-223.
  84. Sharpe, D. L.,Hermsen, J. M.,Billings, J.(2002).Factors associated with having flextime: A focus on married workers.Journal of Family and Economic Issues,23,51-72.
  85. Shelton, B. A.,John, D.(1996).The division of household labor.Annual Review of Sociology,22,229-323.
  86. Shockley, K. M.,Allen, T. D.(2007).When flexibility helps: Another look at the availability of flexible work arrangements and work-family conflict.Journal of Vocational Behavior,71(3),479-493.
  87. Sieber, S. D.(1974).Toward a theory of role accumulation.American Sociological Review,39(4),567-578.
  88. Sigala, M.(2005).Integrating customer relationship management in hotel operations: Managerial and operational implications.International Journal of Hospitality Management,24(3),391-413.
  89. Small, S. A.,Riley, D.(1990).Toward a multidimensional assessment of work spillover into family life.Journal of Marriage and the Family,52(1),51-61.
  90. Somech, A.,Drach-Zahavy, A.(2007).Strategies for coping with work-family conflict: The distinctive relationships of gender role ideology.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,12(1),1-19.
  91. Stephens, M. A.,Franks, M. M.,Atienza, A. A.(1997).Where two roles intersect: Spillover between parent care and employment.Psychology and Aging,12,30-37.
  92. Stoppard, M.,Paisley, J.(1987).Stressful life events: Moderators of the relationships of gender and gender roles to self-reported depression and sociality among college students.Sex Roles,30(1),1-22.
  93. Thoits, P. A.(1983).Multiple identities and pschological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis.American Sociological Review,48(2),174-187.
  94. Thomas, L. T.,Ganster, D. C.(1995).Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,80(1),6-15.
  95. Thomas, M.(2006).Union strategies to re-regulate working time.Just Labour: a Canadian Journal of Work and Society,9,1-15.
  96. Vinokur, A. D.,Pierce, P. F.,Buck, C. L.(1999).Work-family conflicts of women in the air force: Their influence on mental health and functioning.Journal of Organizational Behavior,20,865-878.
  97. Voydanoff, P.(1988).Work role characteristics, family structure demands, and work/family conflict.Journal of Marriage and the Family,51(4),845-871.
  98. Wallace, J. E.(1999).Work-to-nonwork conflict among married male and female lawyers.Journal of Organizational Behavior,20,797-816.
  99. Wallace, J. E.(1997).It's about time: A study of hours worked and work spillover among law firm lawyers.Journal of Vocational Behavior,50,227-248.
  100. Wierda-Bore, H. H.,Gerris, J. R. M.,Vermulst, A. A.(2009).Managing multiple roles personality stress and work-family interference in dual-earner couples.Journal of Individual Differences,30(1),6-19.
  101. Wiersma, U. J.(1994).A taxonomy of behavioral strategies for coping with workhome role conflict.Human Relations,47(2),211-221.
  102. Williams, J.(2000).Unbending gender: Why family and work conflict and what to do about it.New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
  103. Worchel, S.(ed.),Austin, W. G.(ed.)(1985).Psychology of intergroup relations.Chicago, IL:Nelson-Hall.
  104. Yogev, S.,Brett, J.(1985).Patterns of work and family involvement among single-and-dual-earner couples.Journal of Applied Psychology,70,754-786.
  105. 王麗容(1997)。台灣婦女就業影響因素分析。理論與政策，11(3)，86-98。
被引用次数
  1. 蔡宜雯、陳欽雨(2016)。服務業員工自我概念、正向態度與專業契合對升遷機會之影響。人力資源管理學報，16(2)，81-114。
  2. 謝宜樺,董道興,高婉琪,宋素卿(2019)。探討消防人員職家衝突、社會支持與身心健康之關係。精神衛生護理雜誌，14(2)，5-19。
print cancel