题名

「科技使員工更幸福？」－工作要求－資源模式

并列篇名

＂Does Technology Make Employees a Better Life?＂-Job Demands-Resources Model

DOI

10.3966/199687602019021201003

作者

劉敏熙(Min-Shi Liu)；汪美伶(Mei-Ling Wang)；許淑晴(Shu-Ching Shiu)

关键词

工作要求－資源模式 ； 心理抽離 ； 知覺組織支持 ； 科技壓力 ； 員工幸福感 ； job demands-resources model ； psychological detachment ； perceived organizational support ； technostress ； employee well-being

期刊名称

組織與管理

卷期/出版年月

12卷1期（2019 / 02 / 01）

页次

83 - 125

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

今日企業經營與科技息息相關，引進科技於提升員工效率已是營運常態，然而，科技會產生積極與消極並存的雙刃效應，創造組織績效的同時，若忽略員工科技壓力問題，結果恐怕會適得其反。隨著行動科技的普及，這些科技也成為組織要求員工加班的工具，意味著辦公室無限延伸，變相增加員工工時與工作量，使科技壓力的問題溢延至跨越組織邊界，對員工身心和情緒造成的負面影響更趨嚴重，因而削弱幸福厚度。因此，本研究主要探討工作要求、工作資源、科技壓力與員工幸福感之間的關係，並以受金融科技衝擊的金融業員工為研究對象，採便利抽樣方式發放問卷。本研究從26家企業回收405份有效問卷，並以AMOS軟體進行資料分析。研究結果顯示：一、工作要求（工作超載、工作家庭衝突、角色模糊、工作不安全感）對科技壓力有顯著正向影響；二、科技壓力對員工幸福感具有顯著負向影響；三、知覺組織支持對工作要求與科技壓力具有調節效果；四、心理抽離對工作要求與科技壓力不具有調節效果。最後，本研究提出總結：組織應關注員工科技壓力存在的問題，思考如何運用管理策略介入減緩員工科技壓力及其負面影響，進而提升員工幸福感。
英文摘要

Nowadays businesses and technologies are closely related, and the introduction of technologies can always improve organizational performances and employee productivities. However, technologies will produce a double-edged effect of positive and negative co-exist, while improving organizational performances, it could be problematic if the employees ignored technostress. Especially with the popularities of mobile technologies, these technologies also become tools for organizations require employees to work overtime, which means unlimited extension of the office hours and works to the employees. So that technostress overflow problems extend across organizational boundaries, and the mental and emotional negative impacts to the employees are severe, which decreases well-beings of the employees. Therefore, this study was to investigate the relationship between job demands, job resources, technostress, and well-beings of employees. Financial industry employees affected by the impact of technologies are the targets of this research, which conducts convenience sampling method to collect questionnaires. In this study, 405 valid questionnaires recovers from 26 companies, using SPSS and AMOS systems to perform data analysis. The results show: 1. job demands (work overload, Work-Home Conflict, role ambiguity, job insecurity) have a significant positive impact on technostress; 2. technostress have significant negative impact on employees well-being; 3. perceived organizational support have regulating effect between the job demands and technostress; 4. psychological pulled out does not have regulating effect between the job demands and technostress; Finally, the study concludes: Organizations should focus on the existing problems of technostress on employees, and should thinking about how to use management strategies to reduce the technostress and its effects in order to enhance the well-being of employees.
主题分类 社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 林惠彥,陸洛,吳珮瑀,吳婉瑜(2012)。快樂的員工更有生產力嗎？組織支持與工作態度之雙重影響。中華心理學刊，54(4)，451-469。
    連結：
  2. 唐震(2013)。藉由工作內容型態探討員工滿意於網際網路功用之研究─基於協調理論與資訊豐富論。企業管理學報，96，71-103。
    連結：
  3. Allen, D. G.,Shore, L. M.,Griffeth, R. W.(2003).The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process.Journal of Management,29(1),99-118.
  4. Argyle, M.,Crossland, J.(1987).The dimensions of positive emotions.The British Psychological Society,26,127-137.
  5. Arnetz, B. B.,Wiholm, C.(1997).Technological stress: Psychophysiological symptoms in modern offices.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,43(1),35-42.
  6. Ayyagari, R.,Grover, V.,Purvis, R.(2011).Techno stress: Technological antecedents and implications.MIS Quarterly,35(4),831-858.
  7. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2007).The job demands-resources model: State of the art.Journal of Managerial Psychology,22,309-328.
  8. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2017).Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,22(3),273-285.
  9. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Sanz-Vergel, A. I.(2014).Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,1(1),389-411.
  10. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.,Verbeke, W.(2004).Using the job demandsresources model to predict burnout and performance.Human Resource Management,43(1),83-104.
  11. Barrett, P.(2007).Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit.Personality and Individual Differences,42(5),815-824.
  12. Beaudry, A.,Pinsonneault, A.(2010).The other side of acceptance: Studying the direct and indirect effects of emotions on information technology use.MIS Quarterly,34(4),689-710.
  13. Boswell, W. R.,Olson-Buchanan, J. B.(2007).The use of communication technologies after hours: The role of work attitudes and work-life conflict.Journal of Management,33(4),592-610.
  14. Brenninkmeijer, V.,Demerouti, E.,Le Blanc, P.,Van Emmerik, H.(2010).Regulatory focus at work: The moderating role of regulatory focus in the job demands-resources model.Career Development International,15,708-728.
  15. Brillhart, P. E.(2004).Technostress in the workplace managing stress in the electronic workplace.Journal of American Academy of Business,5(1/2),302-307.
  16. Brod, C.(1984).Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution.Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
  17. Brooks, S.(2015).Does personal social media usage affect efficiency and wellbeing?.Computers in Human Behavior,46,26-37.
  18. Chi, C. G.,Gursoy, D.(2009).Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance: An empirical examination.International Journal of Hospitality Management,28(2),245-253.
  19. Clark, K.,Kalin, S.(1996).Technostressed out? How to cope in the digital age.Library Journal,121(13),30-32.
  20. Cohen, S.,Wills, T. A.(1985).Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin,98,310-351.
  21. Cousins, K.,Robey, D.(2015).Managing work-life boundaries with mobile technologies: An interpretive study of mobile work practices.Information Technology and People,28(1),34-71.
  22. Day, A.,Paquet, S.,Scott, N.,Hambley, L.(2012).Perceived information and communication technology (ICT) demands on employee outcomes: The moderating effect of organizational ICT support.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,17(4),473-491.
  23. Demerouti, E.,Bakker, A. B.,Nachreiner, F.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2001).The job demands-resources model of burnout.Journal of Applied Psychology,86(3),499-512.
  24. Derks, D.,van Mierlo, H.,Schmitz, E. B.(2014).A diary study on work-related smartphone use, psychological detachment and exhaustion: Examining the role of the perceived segmentation norm.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,19(1),74-84.
  25. Du, D.,Derks, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Lu, C.(2017).Does homesickness undermine the potential of job resources? A perspective from the work-home resources model.Journal of Organizational Behavior,39(1),96-112.
  26. Eisenberger, R.,Huntington, R.,Hutchison, S.,Sowa, D.(1986).Perceived organizational support.Journal of Applied Psychology,71,500-507.
  27. Fischer, T.,Riedl, R.(2015).Theorizing technostress in organizations: A cybernetic approach.12th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik,Osnabruck, Germany:
  28. Fischer, T.,Riedl, R.(2015).The status quo of neurophysiology in organizational technostress research: A review of studies published from 1978 to 2015.Information systems and neuroscience,Base, Switzerland:
  29. Fornell, C. R.,Larcker, F. F.(1981).Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.Journal of Marketing Research,18,39-51.
  30. Gaski, J. F.,Nevin, J. R.(1985).The differential effects of exercised and unexercised power sources in a marketing channel.Journal of Marketing Research,22(2),130-142.
  31. George, J. M.,Reed, T. F.,Ballard, K. A.,Colin, J.,Fielding, J.(1993).Contact with AIDS patients as a source of work-related distress: Effects of organizational and social support.Academy of Management Journal,36(1),157-171.
  32. Guzzo, R. A.,Noonan, K. A.,Elron, E.(1994).Expatriate managers and the psychological contract.Journal of Applied Psychology,79(4),617-626.
  33. Hair, J. F., Jr.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W. C.(1998).Multivariate data analysis with readings.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  34. Hakanen, J. J.,Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2005).How dentists cope with their job demands and stay engaged: The moderating role of job resources.European Journal of Oral Sciences,113,479-487.
  35. Hammer, L. B.,Kossek, E. E.,Anger, W. K.,Bodner, T.,Zimmerman, K. L.(2011).Clarifying work-family intervention processes: The roles of work-family conflict and family-supportive supervisor behaviors.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1),134-150.
  36. Hung, W. H.,Chang, L. M.,Lin, C. H.(2011).Managing the risk of overusing mobile phones in the working environment: A study of ubiquitous technostress.PACIS 2011 PROCEEDINGS
  37. Ibrahim, A. I.(2010).Information and communication technologies in ELT.Journal of Language Teaching and Research,1,211-214.
  38. Jackson, S. E.,Schuler, R. S.(1985).A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,36(1),16-78.
  39. Karr-Wisniewski, P.,Lu, Y.(2010).When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity.Computers in Human Behavior,26(5),1061-1072.
  40. Kline, R. B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York, NY:Guilford.
  41. Lee, Y. K.,Chang, C. T.,Lin, Y.,Cheng, Z. H.(2014).The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress.Computers in Human Behavior,31,373-383.
  42. Liu, C.(2002).Tampa, FL.,University of South Florida.
  43. Loehlin, J. C.(2004).Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path and structural equation analysis.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  44. Lu, L.(2008).The individual-oriented and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: Testing the theory.The Journal of Social Psychology,148(3),347-374.
  45. Maier, C.,Laumer, S.,Eckhardt, A.,Weitzel, T.(2015).Giving too much social support: Social overload on social networking sites.European Journal of Information Systems,24(5),447-464.
  46. McFarlin, D. B.,Sweeney, P. D.(1992).Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes.The Academy of Management Journal,35(3),626-637.
  47. Miller, K.,Ellis, B. H.(1990).An integrated model of communication, stress and burnout in the workplace.Communication Research,17(3),27-300.
  48. Moore, J. E.(2000).On the road to turnover: An examination of work exhaustion in technology professionals.MIS Quarterly,24(1),141-168.
  49. Moreno-Jiménez, B.,Mayo, M.,Sanz-Vergel, A. I.,Geurts, S.,Rodríguez-Muñoz, A.,Garrosa, E.(2009).Effects of work-family conflict on employees’ well-being: The moderating role of recovery strategies.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,14(4),427.
  50. Mossholder, K. W.,Bennett, N.,Kemery, E. R.,Wesolowski, M. A.(1998).Relationships between bases of power and work reactions: The mediational role of procedural justice.Journal of Management,24,533-552.
  51. Nelson, D. L.(1990).Individual adjustment to information-driven technologies: A critical review.MIS Quarterly,14(1),79-98.
  52. Ninaus, K.,Diehl, S.,Terlutter, R.,Chan, K.,Huang, A.(2015).Perceived effects of ICT use on employee health and work stress: An exploratory study from Austria and Hong Kong.International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being,10,Article ID 28838.
  53. Nolin, M. S.(2015).University of Tennessee Honors thesis ProjectsUniversity of Tennessee Honors thesis Projects,未出版
  54. Nunnally, J. C.(1978).Psychometric theory.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
  55. Park, Y.,Jex, S. M.(2011).Work-home boundary management using communication and information technology.International Journal of Stress Management,18(2),133-152.
  56. Patel, J.,Ryoo, S.,Kettinger, W. J.(2012).Theorizing the dual role of information technology in technostress research.Eighteenth Americas Conference on Information Systems
  57. Polakoff, P. L.(1982).Technostress: Old villain in new guise.Occupational Health and Safety,51(7),32-33.
  58. Qiao, H.,Wilmar, B. S.(2011).Job insecurity and remuneration in Chinese familyowned business workers.Career Development International,16(1),6-19.
  59. Ragu-Nathan, T. S.,Tarafdar, M.,Ragu-Nathan, B. S.,Tu, Q.(2008).The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation.Information Systems Research,19(4),417-433.
  60. Rhoades, L.,Eisenberger, R.(2002).Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature.Journal of Applied Psychology,87,698-714.
  61. Riedl, R.(2012).On the biology of technostress: Literature review and research agenda.ACM SIGMIS Database,44(1),18-55.
  62. Riedl, R.,Kindermann, H.,Auinger, A.,Javor, A.(2013).Computer breakdown as a stress factor during task completion under time pressure: Identifying gender differences based on skin conductance.Advances in Human-Computer Interaction,7(1),1-8.
  63. Robert, G.,Hockey, J.(1997).Compensatory control in the regulation of human performance under stress and high workload: A cognitive-energetical framework.Biological Psychology,45(1),73-93.
  64. Roberts, J. A.,Lapidus, R. A.,Chonko, L. B.(1997).Salesperson and stress: The moderating role of locus of control on work stressors and felt stress.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,5(3),93-108.
  65. Schaufeli, W. B.,Bakker, A. B.,Van Rhenen, W.(2009).How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism.Journal of Organizational Behavior,30,893-917.
  66. Schaufeli, W. B.,Taris, T. W.(2014).A critical review of the job demandsresources model: Implications for improving work and health.Bridging occupational, organizational and public health,New York, NY:
  67. Schellhammer, S.,Haines, R.,Klein, S.(2013).Investigating technostress in situ: Understanding the day and the life of a knowledge worker using heart rate variability.46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Wailea, HI.:
  68. Schumacker, R. E.,Lomax, R. G.(2004).A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling.Mahwah, NJ:Routledte.
  69. Sellberg, C.,Susi, T.(2014).Technostress in the office: A distributed cognition perspective on human-technology interaction.Cognition, Technology and Work,16(2),187-201.
  70. Shantz, A.,Alfes, K.(2015).Work engagement and voluntary absence: The moderating role of job resources.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,24(4),530-543.
  71. Shu, Q.,Tu, Q.,Wang, K.(2011).The impact of computer self-efficacy and technology dependence on computer-related technostress: A social cognitive theory perspective.International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,27(10),923-939.
  72. Siu, C. N.(2013).Hong Kong, China,Lingnan University.
  73. Sonnentag, S.,Arbeus, H.,Mahn, C.,Fritz, C.(2014).Exhaustion and lack of psychological detachment from work during off-job time: Moderator effects of time pressure and leisure experiences.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,19(2),206-216.
  74. Sonnentag, S.,Bayer, U. V.(2005).Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,10(4),393-414.
  75. Sonnentag, S.,Binnewies, C.(2013).Daily affect spillover from work to home: Detachment from work and sleep as moderators.Journal of Vocational Behavior,83(2),198-208.
  76. Sonnentag, S.,Binnewies, C.,Mojza, E. J.(2010).Staying well and engaged when demands are high: The role of psychological detachment.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(5),965-976.
  77. Sonnentag, S.,Fritz, C.(2007).The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,12(3),204-221.
  78. Stamper, C. L.,Johlke, M. C.(2003).The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes.Journal of Management,29(4),569-588.
  79. Stewart, W.,Barling, J.(1996).Daily work stress, mood and interpersonal job performance: A mediationaJ model.Work and Stress,10,336-351.
  80. Tadic, M.,Bakker, A. B.,Oerlemans, W. G. M.(2015).Challenge versus hindrance job demands and well-being: A diary study on the moderating role of job resources.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,88,702-725.
  81. Tarafdar, M.,Tu, Q.,Ragu-Nathan, B.,Ragu-Nathan, T. S.(2011).Crossing to the dark side: Examining creators, outcomes, and inhibitors of technostress.Communications of the ACM,54(9),113-120.
  82. Tarafdar, M.,Tu, Q.,Ragu-Nathan, B.,Ragu-Nathan, T. S.(2007).The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity.Journal of Management Information Systems,24(1),301-328.
  83. Tarafdar, M.,Tu, Q.,Ragu-Nathan, T. S.(2010).Impact of technostress on end-user satisfaction and performance.Journal of Management Information Systems,27(3),303-334.
  84. Tremblay, M. A.,Messervey, D.(2011).The job demands-resources model: Further evidence for the buffering effect of personal resources.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,37(2),1-10.
  85. Tu, Q.,Wang, K.,Shu, Q.(2005).Computer-related technostress in China.Communications of the ACM,48(4),77-81.
  86. Walz, K.(2012).,未出版
  87. Wang, K.,Shu, Q.,Tu, Q.(2008).Technostress under different organizational environments: An empirical investigation.Computers in Human Behavior,24(6),3002-3013.
  88. Warr, P.(1987).Work, unemployment, and mental health.New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
  89. Weil, M. M.,Rosen, L. D.(1997).TechnoStress: Coping with technology @Work @Home @Play.New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons.
  90. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Dollard, M. F.,Demerouti, E.,Schaufeli, W. B.,Taris, T. W.,Schreurs, P. J. G.(2007).When do job demands particularly predict burnout?: The moderating role of job resources.Journal of Managerial Psychology,22(8),766-786.
  91. Xanthopoulou, D.,Bakker, A. B.,Fischbach, A.(2013).Work engagement among employees facing emotional demands.Journal of Personnel Psychology,12(2),74-84.
  92. Yun, H.,Kettinger, W. J.,Lee, C. C.(2012).A new open door: The smartphone's impact on workto-life conflict, stress, and resistance.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,16(4),121-151.
  93. 王妍蓁(2007)。桃園市，國立中央大學。
  94. 李愛梅,夏螢,高結怡,榮愷兮,王虹(2015)。下班後能否從工作中解脫？─員工心理脫離的影響因素、作用機制與研究展望。外國經濟與管理，37(2)，59-68。
  95. 林東森(2015)。臺中市，國立臺中科技大學。
  96. 林建宏(2010)。嘉義縣，國立中正大學。
  97. 張偉豪,鄭時宜(2012).與結構方程模型共舞：曙光初現.新北市:前程文化.
  98. 許雅琳(2014)。高雄市，國立中山大學。
  99. 許瑋筠(2013)。臺北市，國立臺灣科技大學。
  100. 陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究彙刊：人文及社會科學，8(1)，115-137。
  101. 舒琴,王刊良(2010)。計算機技術壓力的量表評測與改進。統計與資訊理論壇，25(1)，46-50。
  102. 黃泰瑋(2011)。高雄市，國立中山大學。
  103. 葉俶禎（2013）。尋找職場幸福感─個人與環境因素的影響。經濟部人才快訊電子報。取自http://itriexpress.blogspot.tw/2013/10/blog-post_4551.html
  104. 詹佳俊（2015）。歐洲的員工通常比雇主更瞭解如何運用數位科技，公司應當提出對應的數位策略。數位時代。取自http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/36250/BN-2015-05-14-004551-112
  105. 趙磊(2012)。國外技術壓力研究的梳理與前瞻。自然辯證法研究，28(3)，26-31。
  106. 簡嘉貞(2014)。臺北市，國立政治大學。
被引用次数
  1. 黃建翔,連志剛,張育菁,阮宜庭(2022)。工作便利？還是工作壓力？教師下班後即時通訊軟體公務使用情形與工作倦怠之關係－以教師工作價值觀為調節變項。教育心理學報，53(3)，717-743。
  2. 熊師瑤,張皓(2023)。雪中送炭還是雪上加霜？恆毅力對軍人工作家庭衝突之影響。應用心理研究，78，111-161。
  3. (2024)。不要太晚打擾我！探討下班後工作訊息接收時段對於工作與家庭的影響：疆界管理策略的調節效果。管理學報，41(3)，285-306。
print cancel