WTO與中國大陸銀行體制關係之研究

The Study on the Relationship between WTO and the Banking System in China

10.6735/JAFD.200806_1(1).0003

王珍一(Chen-I Wang)

金融體系 ； WTO ； 資本市場 ； 貨幣市場 ； 國有銀行 ； 民營銀行 ； Financial system ； WTO World Trade Organization ； Capital Market ； Money Market ； State Owned Banks ； Private Banks

會計與財金研究

1卷1期（2008 / 06 / 01）

23 - 44

繁體中文

中國大陸經濟近年來發展迅速，而健全的金融體系在一國經濟發展過程當中扮演舉足輕重之角色，金融體系最主要之功能在於整合仲介資金市場之供需關係，並透過銀行借貸市場、貨幣市場及資本市場等金融市場完成此一仲介之功能。故而銀行體系、貨幣市場及資本市場等間接金融與直接金融體系為金融服務體系中三個重要支柱。由於中國大陸整體金融市場之發展尚未完整，主要仍依賴銀行借貸市場提供整合資金之供需，故本文主要討論仍在於中國大陸銀行體系。中國大陸在加入WTO之復，其金融體制勢將遭受結構性之衝擊，然而穩定且有效率的金融體系實為經濟發展之重要前提。雖然中國大陸在實行改革開發政策之復，其金融體制已有長足的發展，惟與先進國家仍有大段差距。故為因應中國大陸未來經濟發展，且與世界經濟接軌，其金融體制朝向市場經濟方向調整已為必然之趨勢。目前中國大陸金融體制問題主要根源之一在於政企不分與高度壟斷，政企不分之文化致使官僚行政體系指導專業的金融業務，國有銀行無法發揮應有的金融專業能力。而高度壟斷的金融產業結構無法形成公平競爭的競爭環境，致使國有銀行缺乏改革動力。故鼓勵民營銀行設立以建立競爭機制、刺激國有銀行之革新，徹底實施政企分離原則以尊重金融專業，修訂金融監管機制與規章制度以建立一個公平且合乎世界規範的金融經營環境等，應為中國大陸在加入WTO之復因應其丕變的經營環境以及外資銀行競爭壓力必要措施。

A healthy financial system plays a key role in the rapid development of China's economy in the recent years. The main function of financial system is acting as an agent to integrate the supply and demand of capital, through the banking, money, and capital markets. Hence, these three markets are the fundamental of the financial service system. Due to the underdevelopment of China's financial system, China still highly depends on just the banking market as the main support of its financial system. So this study mainly focuses on China banking market. Ever since China emerged in WTO, the structure of its financial system was greatly challenged. A stable and effective financial system becomes more critical to continue China's steady economic growth. Over the years, China's financial system has gradually been improved by exercising Reform and Open Policy, yet it is still far from meeting the standards of the developed economies. To be able to accomplish such standards, adoption of market economic system in China financial system becomes an inevitable trend. China's economy affected and controlled by its politics and the nature of monopoly in the financial industry are the foremost problems China encounters with its financial system. It causes bureaucracy and unprofessional management in state owned banks. In addition, monopoly also prevents competition thus prohibits motivation for reform. Therefore, the establishment of private banks is recommended to stimulate competition and the reform of state owned banks, thus leads to a less political-interfered banking system. It is also essential to create a monitoring system for China to meet with the world's financial standards.

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