轉售價格維持在美國反壟斷的實踐

American Anti-Monopoly Practice on Resale Price Maintenance

10.6735/JAFD.201709_10(2).0004

金玉瑩(Eleanor Y.Y. Chin)

謝爾曼法 ； 反壟斷 ； 轉售價格維持 ； 合謀 ； Sherman Antitrust Act ； Anti-Monopoly ； Resale Price Maintenance ； Conspiracy

會計與財金研究

10卷2期（2017 / 09 / 01）

73 - 97

繁體中文

美國的《謝爾曼法》是最早出現的反壟斷法，此後，美國政府陸續頒佈了《克萊頓法》和《聯邦貿易委員會法》等。美國對轉售價格維持的判決則主要依據《謝爾曼法》和《克萊頓法》，並且對轉售價格維持的判斷原則是隨著時間和產業組織前沿理論的發展而不斷演進的。作者認為從兩個方面考察轉售價格維持與合謀的關係：首先，在達成合謀之前，不需要轉售價格維持，但如果有廠商背叛了合謀，就可以用轉售價格維持對偏離合謀的廠商進行懲罰；其次，轉售價格維持可以使上游製造商跟容易發現合謀方是否偏離，從而採取懲罰措施。本文將對Dr. Miles案、Leegin案RPM反壟斷立法進行分析。

Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act) was the first anti-monopoly statute to regulate competition in the U.S. Thereafter, American government promulgated Clayton Antitrust Act (Clayton Act), Federal Trade Commission Act and so forth. American Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) related cases are mainly based on the above-mentioned Sherman Act and Clayton Act, which ruling principles on RPM have continuously evolved and progressed in accordance with the timespan and industry development. In this study, the author examined the RPM, in theory and practice, and its relationship with the conspiracies in restraint of trade and agreements pursuant to the following two aspects: First, before reaching the conspiracy, there will be no need of maintaining the resale price; yet, were there retailers in breach of the alleged conspiracy, the aforesaid RPM could be used to punish such deviated retailers. Secondly, by employing RPM, it will facilitate upper-stream manufacturers to identify whether the retailers are deviated or violated the conspiracy, and thereby to adopt punitive measures accordingly. Besides, this study aimed to analyze the American cases of Dr. Miles, Leegin, etc. and their antitrust perspectives in practice.

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