大小／重量錯覺對於抬舉作業的效應

Size-Weight Illusion Effect on Lifting Task for Chinese Subjects

10.6848/JWL.201203_3(1).0002

吳水丕(Swei-Pi Wu,)；張書瑀(Shu-Yu Chang)

人工物料搬運 ； 抬舉作業 ； 大小／重量錯覺 ； manual material handling ； lifting task ； size-weight illusion ； psychophysics

工作與休閒學刊

3卷1期（2012 / 03 / 01）

11 - 23

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討國人在個人抬舉作業中之大小／重量錯覺效應。本研究總共有28位受試者（18位男性及10位女性）參與實驗，以探討在不同目標物大小（10^3、14^3及18^3立方英吋）及質量（3.0kg、6.6kg及13.8kg）下相對於標準刺激（16^3立方英吋，9.0kg）之重量知覺、體積知覺和施力知覺，研究結果發現質量對於重量知覺有顯著效應，但對於體積知覺和施力知覺則無顯著效應；而目標物大小對於重量知覺、體積知覺和施力知覺皆有顯著效應，顯示大小／重量錯覺存在於國人之個人抬舉中，當重量相同時重量知覺會隨著箱子目標物大小的增加而減少；目標物大小從10^3立方英吋增加至18^3立方英吋時，其重量知覺下降20％。此外，性別及國內外不同種族之間對於重量知覺皆無顯著的差異。

This study investigates the size-weight illusion effect on individual lifting. This study recruited twenty-eight subjects (18 men, 10 women) to conduct individual lifting and investigate the perceived heaviness, perceived volume, and perceived exertion of the different combinations of object size (10^3, 14^3 and 18^3 cubic inches) and mass (3.0, 6.6 and 9.0 kg). The mass significantly affected the perceived heaviness; however, it did not significantly affect the perceived volume and perceived exertion. The object size effects on the perceived heaviness, perceived volume and perceived exertion were significant. This result showed that a size-weight illusion exists in individual lifting for Chinese participants. As the volume of the stimuli increased from 10^3 to 18^3 cubic inches, individual reports of perceived heaviness decreased 20%. In addition, there were no significant ethnic or sex differences regarding these effects.

1. Flournoy, T., 1894, “De Iinfluence de laperception visuelle des corps sur leur poids apparent [The influence of visual perception on the apparent weight of objects]”, L'Annee Psychologique,1, 198-208.
2. Charpentier, A., 1891, “Analyse experimentale de quelques elements de la sensation de poids [Experimental study of some aspects of weight perception]”, Archives de Physiologie Normales et Pathologiques, 3, 122-135.
3. Amazeen, E. L.(1999).Perceptual independence of size and weight by dynamic touch.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,25,102-119.
4. Amazeen, E. L.,Jarrett, V. D.(2003).The role of rotational inertia in the haptic and haptic + visual size-weight illusions.Ecological Psychology,15,317-333.
5. Ayoub, M. M.,Mital, A.,Bakken, G. M.,Asfour, S. S.,Bathea, N. J.(1980).Development of strength and capacities norms for manual materials handling activities: The state of the art.Human Factors,22,271-283.
6. Birnbaum, M. H.,Veit, C. T.(1974).Scale-free tests of an additive model for the size-weight illusion.Perception and Psychophysics,16(2),276-282.
7. Ciriello, V. M.,Snook, S. H.(1983).A study of size, distance, height, and frequency effects on manual handling tasks.Human Factors,25,473-483.
8. Ciriello, V. M.,Snook, S. H.(1999).Survey of manual handling tasks.International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,23,149-156.
9. Ciriello, V. M.,Snook, S. H.,Hughes, G. J.(1993).Further studies of psychophysical determined maximum weights and forces.Human Factors,55,175-186.
10. Coren, S.,Ward, L. M.,Enns, J. T.(2004).Sensation and perception.Hoboken, N:Wiley.
11. Davis, C. M.(1973).Mechanical advantage in the size-weight illusion.Perception and Psychophysics,13,238-240.
12. Dennis, G. J.,Barrett, R. S.(2002).Spinal loads during individual and team lifting.Ergonomics,45,671-681.
13. Ellis, R. R.,Lederman, S. J.(1993).The role of haptic vs. visual volume cues in the size-weight illusion.Perception and Psycho-physics,55,315-324.
14. Garg, A.,Badger, D.(1986).Maximum acceptable weight and maximum voluntary isometric strength for asymmetric lifting.Ergonomics,29,879-892.
15. Garg, A.,Saxena, U.(1980).Container characteristics and maximum acceptable weight of lift.Human Factors,22,487-495.
16. Genaidy, A. M.,Karwowski, W.,Christensen, D. M.,Vogiatzis, C.,Deraiseh, N.,Prins, A.(1998).What is "heavy"?.Ergonomics,41,420-432.
17. Jones, L. A.(1986).Perception of force and weight: Theory and research.Psychological Bulletin,100,29-42.
18. Karwowski, W.,Mital, A.(1986).Isometric and isokinetic testing of lifting strength of males in teamwork.Ergonomics,29,869-878.
19. Karwowski, W.,Shumate, C.,Yates, J. W.,Pongpatana, N.(1992).Discriminability of load heaviness: implications for the psychophysical approach to manual lifting.Ergonomics,35(7/8),729-744.
20. Kloos, H.,Amazeen, E. L.(2002).Perceiving heaviness by dynamic touch: An investigation of the size-weight illusion in preschoolers.British Journal of Developmental Psychology,20,171-183.
21. Luczak, H.,Ge, S.(1989).Fuzzy modeling of relations between physical weight and perceived heaviness: The effect of size-weight illusion in industrial lifting tasks.Ergonomics,32,823-837.
22. Marras, W. S.,Davis, K. G.,Kirking, B. C.,Granata, K. P.(1999).Spine loading and trunk kinematics during team lifting.Ergnomics,42,1258-1273.
23. Mital, A.,Fard, H. F.(1986).Psychophysical and physiological responses to lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically.Ergonomics,29,1263-1272.
24. Mital, A.,Manivasagan, I.(1983).Subjective Estimates of One-Handed Carrying Tasks.Applied Ergonomics,14,265-269.
25. Mital, A.,Okolie, S. T.(1982).Influence of Container Shape, Partitions, Frequency, Distance and Height Level on the Maximum Acceptable Amount of Liquid Carried by Males.American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,43,813-819.
26. Naylor, Y. K.,Amazeen, E. L.(2004).The Size-Weight Illusion in Team Lifting.Human Factors,46(2),349-356.
27. Pick, H. L.,Pick, A. D.(1967).A developmental and analytic study of the size-weight illusion.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,5,362-371.
28. Robinson, H. B.(1964).An experimental examination of the size-weight illusion in young children.Child Development,55,91-107.
29. Snook, S. H.(1978).The design of manual handling tasks.Ergonomics,21,963-985.
30. Snook, S. H.,Ciriello, V. M.(1991).The design of manual handling tasks: Revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces.Ergonomics,34,1197-1213.
31. Stevens, J. C.,Rubin, L. L.(1970).Psychophysical scales of apparent heaviness and the size-weight illusion.Perception and Psychophysics,8,225-230.
32. Wu, S. P.(1997).Maximum acceptable weight of lift by Chinese experienced male manual handlers.Applied Ergonomics,8(4),237-244.
33. Wu, S. P.,Chen, C. C.(2001).Psychophysical determination of carrying capacity for a 1-h work period by Chinese males.Ergonomics,44(11),1008-1023.

1. 張書瑀、吳水丕(2017)。雙人抬舉作業之大小重量錯覺效應。工作與休閒學刊，5(1)，1-18。