大型車輪胎維修人員肌肉骨骼不適及風險因子之人因研究

Ergonomic Study on Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors for Large-Scale Tire Maintenance Workers

10.6848/JWL.201203_3(1).0006

吳水丕(Swei-Pi Wu)；林建樺(Chien-Hua Lin)

輪胎維修 ； NMQ問卷 ； QEC檢核表 ； 肌肉骨骼不適 ； 風險因子 ； tires maintaining ； NMQ questionnaire ； quick exposure check (QEC) ； musculoskeletal disorders ； risk factors

工作與休閒學刊

3卷1期（2012 / 03 / 01）

79 - 93

繁體中文

大型車輪胎維修人員工作必須仰賴大量的人力，並使用重型工具進行維修，人員常因不當的作業姿勢、過度的施力搬運以及長時間的重複性作業而造成累積性的傷害。本研究係以大型車輪胎維修人員為對象，調查其肌肉骨骼傷害之分佈與風險因子，進而從中探討其可能之來源，期望以人因工程介入，降低其維修人員肌肉骨骼傷害。本研究除了應用改良的NMQ問卷，針對大型車輪胎維修人員進行調查，以瞭解肌肉骨骼不適情況外，並使用QEC快速暴露檢核表來評估暴露在維修工作中有關的肌肉骨骼失調的風險因子。NMQ改良問卷以親訪方式進行調查，研究共完成90份問卷，調查結果發現，有82.2％維修人員自覺肌肉骨骼不適，而在肌肉骨骼不適部位以下背（74.4％）及右肩膀（43.3％）所占比率最高，分析個人基本資料（年齡等）及工作資料（是否使用輔具等），與肌肉骨骼不適狀況進行檢定，結果均無顯著差異。進一步利用攝影的方式收集20位受試者工作現況，並以快速暴露檢核表QEC進行評估肌肉骨骼傷害風險因子的暴露等級，發現背部（非常高及高風險等級佔90％）、肩膀／手臂（非常高及高風險等級佔70％）、頸部（非常高及高風險等級佔40％）及手腕／手部（非常高及高風險等級佔30％），需人因介入以降低暴露等級。整體而言，大型車輪胎維修人員肌肉骨骼不適發生的原因為不當的作業姿勢、使用重型工具、搬運重物及重覆性的作業等，故除了要減少不自然的作業姿勢及不當的施力，應設法減輕工具重量及適當使用輔具。

The jobs for large-scale tires maintenance workers must rely on a great quantity of labor power and heavy tools. The participants in this research were large-scale tire maintenance workers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the musculoskeletal injury distribution and the risk factors for the large-scale tire maintenance workers. It was anticipated that changes in ergonomics would reduce the maintenance worker musculoskeletal disorders. A revised NMQ questionnaire was utilized to investigate and understand the musculoskeletal discomfort of large-scale tires workers. Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was applied to evaluate the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders under the maintenance working conditions. The research method for revised NMQ questionnaire was interview. In this research, 90 questionnaires were completed. The results indicated that 82.2% of the maintenance workers consciously felt musculoskeletal discomfort. The most uncomfortable parts of the musculoskeletal system were the lower back (74.4%) and right shoulder (43.3%). The discomfort caused by working data (the use of aids), the result showed that the weight of pneumatic wrench used by the maintenance workers reached above 16 kilograms (84.4%), and the non-aids users yielded to 61.1%, and there were not a significant difference on the musculoskeletal discomfort, respectively. For a better understanding, videotaping was used to collect the working conditions for 20 participants. After utilizing QEC to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorder risk factor exposure value, the result revealed that back (90% for Extremely-high and High), shoulder/arm (70% for Extremely-high and High) were required for ergonomics intervention to reduce the exposure levels. Moreover, this research also proved the sensitivity of QEC was 0.938, which had the practicability for checking and evaluating the large-scale tires maintaining workers.The reason for musculoskeletal discomfort in large-scale tires maintenance workers were awkward working posture, using heavy equipment, moving heavy material and repetitive work. It was suggested to reduce the non-natural working posture and improper exertion, but also try to lower the weight of tools and to use lift aids properly.

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