長期戶外冒險教育方案對偏差行為青少年之影響

Effects of Long-Term Outdoor Adventure Education Programs on Adolescents with Deviant Behavior

10.6783/JAAEE.201909_(12).0007

高德馨(Kao, Te-Hsin)；陳姿穎(Chen, Tzu-Ying)

戶外冒險教育 ； 青少年 ； 共生營 ； 長期營隊 ； outdoor adventure education ； adolescent ； symbiosis camp ； long-term program

體驗教育學報

12期（2019 / 09 / 30）

117 - 152

繁體中文

都市人基金會28天戶外長期冒險教育方案，主要的目的是透過戶外體驗冒險活動，提升青少年自我概念與效能、增加情緒管理能力、改善人際互動、降低人群疏離感、提昇體能狀況。此方案主要是以國中階段（13～15歲），並有行為偏差或有行為偏差之虞的青少年。本研究想瞭解參與過共生營方案的青少年，在方案結束回到原生環境之後的影響，並試圖回答以下問題：一、共生營方案對青少年返回原生環境之後的影響？二、共生營中的學習，是否可以應用在生活中？如何應用？本研究欲暸解此方案對於參與過之青少年的後續影響，透過立意抽樣10位參與過的青少年進行訪談，並以此來進行分析。從研究分析中發現，青少年在共生營中有正向的學習，這些學習會轉移到原本的生活環境中。但是，當加入生態系統理論的觀點來進行討論時，發現方案結束後青少年在跟沒有改變的微視系統互動時，需要重新做調整。這樣的調整可能讓青少年回到原本的生活樣態，也可能讓青少年將在共生營方案中所學習到的經驗，應用到原本的生活之中。所以本研究主要研究的結論是，共生營方案對青少年是有幫助的，但是協助改變微視系統或協助青少年重新調適與微視系統系互動更重要。這是延續共生營方案中正向經驗學習跟改變的重要關鍵。

The purpose of the long-term outdoor experiential program known as ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ (established by the City People Foundation) is for young people to strengthen their self-conception and self-effectiveness, to learn emotional management skills, to improve their social interactions, to lessen their social isolation, the enhance their ability at emotional management and to improve their physical condition. This program mainly focuses on the stage of junior high school adolescence (13 to 15 years), and includes the following dimensions of adolescent behavior: 1. The intent to commit crime and other deviant behavior of adolescent dropouts; 2. Return to school as students with the risk of dropping out; 3. Dysfunctional family, with less willingness to learn; 4. Poor emotional control, less tolerance for frustration; 5. Adolescents with excessive depression or anger. This study aimed to evaluate the post-persistent influence of ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ and to answer the following questions: 1. After this program, what influence did it have on the youth? How long will it last? 2. Can the youth apply their 28 days of camp learning to their life? How will they apply such learning? From 2004 to 2016, the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ had been held for 13 years. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ on adolescents and to follow-up regarding this impact. This research interviewed 10 subjects through purposive sampling. A number of conclusions resulted. First, the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ for teenagers is attractive to the youth. Second, in the process of maturing, when teenagers face the selection of their lifestyle, the experience of Symbiosis Camp provides a positive link. Finally, skills and attitudes learned from the Symbiosis Camp were applied in the lives of the subjects. In this research, adolescents learned positive skills in the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂, and transferred those skills or attitudes to their original living environment. However, in regard to Ecological System Theory, it was found that adolescents needed to re-adjust when they interacted with the unaltered micro system after the program ended. Such adjustments may allow adolescents to return to their original lifestyles, and may also allow adolescents to apply the lessons learned in the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ program to their original lives. Therefore, the main results of this research include that the ＂Symbiosis Camp＂ program is helpful for adolescents, and that it is more important to help change the micro system or assist the adolescents to re-adjust their interactions with the micro system, an important key to continuing positive learning and changes in the symbiotic camp program.

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