從全球人口數突破80億之意義背後探討人口老化對臺灣高齡社會的省思及策略

A Reflection on the Meaning of Aging Society for Taiwan and Possible Strategies in Response to the Fact that Global Population Has Officially Exceeded 8 Billion

邱懿瑩(Yi-Yin Chiu)

高齡社會 ； 正向老化 ； 成功老化 ； aging society ； positive aging ； successful aging

臺南大學體育學報

18期（2023 / 12 / 01）

15 - 31

繁體中文;英文

正值21世紀的當今，全球人口數正式突破80億，這是人類歷史上一個新的里程碑。然而，時代的變遷，全球也正面臨高齡化社會的衝擊和挑戰。隨著老年人口的無形增加，老齡化現像明顯改變了社會結構和經濟水準，使“老齡化國家”成為當今世界各國密切關注的話題。它將影響臺灣整個社會，包括經濟、文化、教育、醫療及衣食住行等方面的變化。研究證明，減緩人類老化過程是可能的，從正向老化的觀點而言，依社會、經濟及健康的角度來看，健康長壽對人類有很多好處。本文採用文獻回顧與分析法，蒐集國內外有關高齡族群之相關文獻進行探究，所得建議如下：一、加強長者老化意識教育。二、提高生育率，遏制人口下降和老齡化速度。三、前端養生健體教育勝過後端醫療長照。四、延緩退休年齡限制，填補少子化導致勞動力之缺口。五、制定高齡者二春工作教育及培訓方案。六、護理需求能滿足日益增長的高齡社會。七、宣導積極、全面的老年形象等。

In the 21st century, the global population has officially exceeded 8 billion, which is a new milestone in human history. However, the times are changing, and the world is facing the impact and challenges of an aging society. With the increase of the elderly population, aging has obviously changed the overall social structure and economic landscape, making the "aging country" an issue of great concern to all he countries in the world today. It will affect almost everything in the entire society of Taiwan, including changes in economy, culture, education, medical care, food, clothing, housing, and transportation. Studies have proved that it is possible to slow down the aging process of human beings. From the perspective of positive aging as well as from the perspective of society, economy and health care, better health and longer life span can bring many benefits to human society. This study adopts the method of literature review and analysis, collects relevant literature on the elderly groups at home and abroad for research, and proposes to (1) strengthen the awareness education of the elderly, (2) increase the fertility rate and curb the population decline and aging rate, (3) understand that front-end health care and fitness education are better than back-end long term medical care, (4) postpone the retirement age and fill the labor gap caused by the declining birth rate, (5) arrange after-retirement job education and training plan for the elderly, (6) make nursing needs meet the growing aging society, and (7) actively promote a positive image of the elderly.