英文摘要
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Introduction: This paper focused on the Indoor Tug-of-war skills performed by the Taiwan National Team from 1992 to 2014. It aimed to explore not only the origin and background of its evolution, but also the key concept and critical content of the mainstream skills during each period. Methods: By interviewing and documenting four head coaches of the crucial Taiwan Male Tug-of-war national team during 1992 to 2014, this research analyzed their main skill concepts, the background and the historical conditions of the corresponding shifts. Based on the framework of the motor sensuous structure theory by Kaneko Akitomo and genealogy, we avchived their training manuscripts, written messages, treatises, news reports on Tug-of-war skills. We focused mainly on the coaches’ bodily entrelaced experience and the concepts of how the body was trained. We also showed the different contents of the deformation and practice of each style formed in the process of skill evolution. Conclusion: Firstly, the shift of skills and its importance was characterized by the coach’s personal style, which was deeply influenced by the coach’s personal experience in different matches. The evolution was hence divided into six periods as shown below: Traditional-traditional style, Exploration-Japanese/European style, Competitive Growing- Improved Japanese, Improving- Improved European and Mature Taiwanese style. Secondly, the innovation native to Taiwan Style Tug-of-war skills evolved from each coach’s different style of the performance of body, skill and strategy. These unique body schema of skills could not be formed without the delicacy of each coach to his understanding and performance of the way how the rope is held. Thirdly, the trend of the skill types shifts from partial towards the whole, from eccentric to centric to the center of the mass, from outward to inward to the body, and from forward to backward in feet. The strategies also evolve from a monotonous one to a various one, from fixed to diverse, and from defensive to offensive.
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