题名

A Cross-Level Study of the Relationship between Political Skill and Job Performance: LMX as a Mediator and LMXD as a Moderator

并列篇名

政治技能與工作績效之跨層次研究：主管與部屬交換關係為中介變項及主管部屬交換關係差異性為干擾變項

作者

黃正秋(Cheng-Chiou Huang)；翁良杰(Liang-Chieh Weng)

关键词

政治技能 ； 主管與部屬交換關係 ； 主管部屬交換關係差異性 ； 成員績效 ； 階層線性模式 ； political skill ； LMX ； LMXD ； job performance ； hierarchical linear regression modeling

期刊名称

育達科大學報

卷期/出版年月

41期（2015 / 10 / 01）

页次

61 - 79

内容语文

英文
中文摘要

本研究以跨層次研究之觀點，主旨以政治技能對工作績效的影響為主軸，並以主管與部屬交換關係為中介變項及主管部屬交換關係差異性為干擾變項，探討政治技能、主管與部屬交換關係、主管部屬交換關係差異性與工作績效之跨層次關係。本研究以一家中日合資公司為研究對象，從主管與部屬兩個來源來蒐集樣本，共計發放25組，合計140人完成問卷填答。經配對確認及刪除不完整之問卷，共回收124份有效配對資料，有效回收率88%。本研究以層級線性迴歸分析進行研究假設之驗證。研究結果發現：在個體層次方面，成員政治技能對成員績效有正向關係；成員政治技能對主管與部屬交換關係有正向關係；主管與部屬交換關係對成員政治技能和成員績效兩者間具有中介效果。而在群體層次方面，主管部屬交換關係差異性的確為主管與部屬交換關係與成員績效間的干擾變項。此結果意味著，當團隊處在主管部屬交換關係差異性愈高的環境時，主管與部屬交換關係和團隊成員的工作績效之間的影響會越強。
英文摘要

We adopted a cross-level study to analyze the relationships among political skill, leader-member exchange (LMX), leader-member exchange differentiation (LMXD) and job performance. We proposed that LMX serves as a mediating mechanism through which political skill affects employee job performance. We further argued that the modeled relationship is moderated by LMXD. Data were collected from multiple sources, supervisors and subordinates, comprised 140 employees in a Taiwan-Japanese joint venture company. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis (HLM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Our results indicated that political skill is positively related to job performance and LMX at individual-level. LMX mediates between political skill and job performance. At group-level, LMXD moderates the relationship between LMX and job performance. The results revealed that with higher LMXD, the impact of LMX toward job performance will be stronger. The study provides preliminary evidence of the mediation effect of LMX and the moderating effect of LMXD in the relationship between political skill and job performance.
主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
基礎與應用科學 > 數學
基礎與應用科學 > 資訊科學
基礎與應用科學 > 永續發展研究
工程學 > 市政與環境工程
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. Weng, L.C.(2014).Improving employee job performance through ethical leadership and "guanxi": the moderation effects of supervisor-subordinate guanxi differentiation.Asia Pacific Management Review,19,321-342.
    連結：
  2. Ahearn, K. K.,Ferris, G. R.,Hochwarter, W. A.,Douglas, C.,Ammeter, A. P.(2004).Leader political skill and team performance.Journal of Management,30,309-327.
  3. Aiken, L.S.,West, S.G.(1991).Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  4. Baron, R.M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.
  5. Bedi, A.,Skowronski, M.(2014).Political skill at work: good or bad? understanding its predictors and consequences.SAM Advanced Management Journal,79,39-47.
  6. Bing, M.N.,Davison, K.,Minor, I.,Novicevic, M.M.,Frink, D.D.(2011).The prediction of task and contextual performance by political skill: A meta-analysis and moderator test.Journal of Vocational Behavior,79,563-577.
  7. Boies, K.,Howell, J.M.(2006).Leader-member exchange in teams: an examination of the interaction between relationship differentiation and mean LMX in explaining team-level outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,17,246-257.
  8. Breland, J.W,Treadway, D.C.,Duke, A.B.,Adams, G.L.(2007).The interactive effect of leadermember exchange and political skill on subjective career success.Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,13,1-14.
  9. Broucer, R.L.,Douglas, C.,Treadway, D.C.,Ferris, G.R.(2013).Political skill, relationship quality, and leadership effectiveness: a two-study model test and constructive replication.Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,20,185-198.
  10. Brouer, R. L.(2007).Florida State University.
  11. Caliskan, G.(2015).An examination of coach and player relationships according to the adapted LMX 7 scale: a validity and reliability study.Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science,19,22-33.
  12. Campbell, J. P.(1990).Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology.Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology,Palo Alto, CA:
  13. Chan, D.(1998).Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: a typology of comparison models.Journal of Applied Psychology,83,234-246.
  14. Farh, J.L.,Dobbins, G.H.,Cheng, B.S.(1991).Cultural relativity in action: a comparison of self-ratings made by Chinese and U.S. workers.Personal Psychology,44,129-147.
  15. Ferris, G.R.(Ed.),Davidson, S.L.(Ed.),Perrewe, P.L.(Ed.)(2010).Political skill at work: impact on work effectiveness.Boston, MA:Nicolas Brealey America.
  16. Ferris, G.R.(Ed.),Davidson, S.L.(Ed.),Perrewe, P.L.(Ed.)(2005).Political skill at work: impact on work effectiveness.Mountain View, CA:Davies-Black Publishing.
  17. Ferris, G.R.,Treadway, D.C.(2012).Politics in organizations: theory and research considerations.New York:Routledge/Taylor and Francis.
  18. Gerstner, C. R.,Day, D.V.(1997).Meta analytic review of LMX theory: correlates and construct issues.Journal of Applied Psychology,82,827-844.
  19. Graen, G. B.,Uhl-Bien, M.(1995).Relationship-based approach to leadership: development of leadermember exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective.Leadership Quarterly,6,219-247.
  20. Gu, Q.,Tang, T.,Jiang, W.(2015).Does moral leadership enhance employee creativity? employee identification with leader and leader-member exchange (LMX) in the chinese context.Journal of Business Ethics,126,513-529.
  21. Henderson D.J.,Liden, R.C.,Glibkowski, B.C.,Chaudhry, A.(2009).Within-group LMX differentiation: a multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes.Leadership Quarterly,20,517-534.
  22. Hofmann, D.A.,Gavin, M.B.(1998).Centering decisions in hierarchical linear models: implications for research in organizations.Journal of Management,23,723-744.
  23. House, R.J.,Aditya, R.N.(1997).The social scientific study of leadership: quo vadis?.Journal of Management,23,409-473.
  24. James, L.R.(1982).Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement.Journal of Applied Psychology,67,219-229.
  25. Jha, S.,Jha, S.(2013).Leader-member exchange: a critique of theory & practice.Journal of Management & Public Policy,4,42-53.
  26. Kacmar, K.,Andrews, M.,Harris, K.,Tepper, B.(2013).Ethical leadership and subordinate outcomes: the mediating role of organizational politics and the moderating role of political skill.Journal of Business Ethics,115,33-44.
  27. Kilduff, M.,Day, D.(1994).Do chameleons get ahead? The effects of self-monitoring on managerial careers.Academy of Management Journal,37,1047-1060.
  28. Kim, T.Y.,Liu, Z.Q.,Diefendorff, J.M.(2015).Leader-member exchange and job performance: the effects of taking charge and organizational tenure.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36,216-231.
  29. Kimura, T.(2013).The moderating effects of political skill and leader-member exchange on the relationship between organizational politics and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,116,587-599.
  30. Kozlowski, S.W.J.,Klein, K.J.(2000).Multilevel theory, tesearch and methods in organizations.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  31. Li, A.N.,Hui, L.(2014).How do leader-member exchange quality and differentiation affect performance in teams? An integrated multilevel dual process mode.Journal of Applied Psychology,99,847-869.
  32. Lian, H.J.(2014).How do leader-member exchange quality and differentiation affect performance in teams? an integrated multilevel dual process model.Journal of Applied Psychology,99,847-866.
  33. Liao, H.,Chuang, A.(2007).Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of trans-formational leadership in building long-term service relationships.Journal of Applied Psychology,92,1006-1119.
  34. Liden, R.C.,Maslyn, J.M.(1998).Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: an empirical assessment through scale development.Journal of Management,24,43-72.
  35. Liu, J.,Wang, W.,Cao, K.(2011).Leader political skill and team performance: a moderated mediation model.Nankai Business Review International,2,5-22.
  36. Lu, L.T.,Lee, Y.H.(2005).The effect of culture on the management style and performance of international joint ventures in china: the perspective of foreign parent firms.International Journal of Management,22,452-473.
  37. McAllister, C.P.,Ellen, B.P.,Perrewe, P.L.,Ferris, G.R.,Hirsch, D.J.(2015).Checkmate: using political skill to recognize and capitalize on opportunities in the ‘game’ of organizational life.Business Horizons,58,25-34.
  38. Meisler, G.,Vigoda-Gadot, E.(2014).Perceived organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes: empirical exploration of direct and indirect effects.Personnel Review,43,116-135.
  39. Mintzberg, H.(1985).The organization as a political arena.Journal of Management Studies,22,133-154.
  40. Murphy, K. R.(1989).Dimensions of job performance.Testing: theoretical and applied perspectives,New York:
  41. Nunnally, J. C.,Bernstein, I. H.(1994).Psychometric Theory.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  42. Pfeffer, J.(1992).Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations.Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
  43. Piccola, R.F.,Colquitt, J.A.(2006).Transformational leadership and job behaviors: the mediating role of job characteristics.Academy of Management Journal,49,327-340.
  44. Porter, L.W.(Ed.),Angel, H.L.(Ed.),Allen, R.W.(Ed.)(2003).Organizational influence Processes.Armonk, NY:M.E. Sharpe.
  45. Scott, S.G.,Bruce, R.A.(1994).Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace.Academy of Management Journal,37,580-607.
  46. Shi, J.,Johnson, R. E.,Liu, Y.,Wang, M.(2013).Linking subordinate political skill to supervisor dependence and reward recommendations: a moderated mediation model.Journal of Applied Psychology,98,374-384.
  47. Solga, M.,Betz, J.,Dusenberg, M.,Ostermann, H.(2015).Political skill in job negotiations: a two-study constructive replication.International Journal of Conflict Management,26,2-24.
  48. Sunindijo, R.Y.(2015).Project manager skills for improving project performance.International Journal of Business Performance Management,16,67-83.
  49. Tastan, B.(2014).Examination of the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and employee job performance in the moderating context of perceived role ambiguity.International Journal of Management Economics & Business,10,211-233.
  50. Tse, H.M.(2014).Linking leader-member exchange differentiation to work team performance.Leadership & Organization Development Journal,35,710-724.
  51. Yang, C.F.,Chiu, C.Y.(1987).The dilemmas experienced by Chinese subjects: a critical review of their influence on the use of western originated rating scales.Chinese Journal of Psychology,29,113-132.
  52. Yang, F.,Zhang, L.(2014).An examination of when and how leader political skill influences team performance in china: a cultural value perspective.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,17,286-295.
print cancel