詩畫中的茶香－論文徵明的茶人學養

Tea Fragrance in Poetry and Painting: A Discourse on Wen Zhengming's Tea Expert Cultivation

施拓全(To-Chuan Shih)

文徵明 ； 茶人 ； 茶詩 ； 茶畫 ； 茶文化 ； Wen Zhengming ； tea expert ； tea poem ； tea paint ； tea culture

育達科大學報

48期（2020 / 06 / 01）

175 - 189

繁體中文

文徵明是明代著名的書畫家、文學家、茶人，他的官場之路並不順遂，曾經歷九次科舉落第，由於傳統知識份子的社會責任感使然，而難以釋懷；因此，藉由品茗以調適身心，便很自然地成為他的生活重心。文徵明出生於江南茶鄉，成長於結社興盛的時代環境中，常與志同道合者以文會友、品茗清談，在互動過程中，茶詩、茶畫也成為他的重要藝術創作。他的茶畫，具體地呈現當時文人風格的品茗情境；他的茶詩，數量豐富，呈現其人格特質、茶學涵養及吳中茶文化。經檢視與文徵明相關的文獻發現，具有探討價值，如：品茗與他的身心修養、藝術呈現之間的關係為何？他的茶學特色為何？皆本文之所以撰寫的重要緣由。內容分為兩部份：其一，品茗與文徵明的身心修養，歸納為兩項：官場經歷、以茶會友。其二，文徵明的茶學涵養，歸納為兩項：茶術能力、茶畫內涵。

Wen Zhengming was a famous calligrapher, painter, literate, and tea expert. He was not successful in his pursuit of a governmental post. Having failed in the imperial examination for nine times, he was constrained by his sense of social responsibility as a traditional literate and could not simply walk away. Therefore, he adapted himself physically and mentally through tea appreciation, which then naturally became the focus of his life. Wen Zhengming was born in the Jiangnan area, where tea plantation was common, and grew up in a time when socialization through organizations and associations was popular. He often socialized with friends of similar interests over literary works or tea, and poems and paintings that focused on tea became his central art creations. His paintings about tea vividly demonstrated the scenario in which literati appreciated tea, whereas his considerable number of tea-themed poems revealed his personality traits, tea-related learning and cultivation, and tea culture in Wuzhong. Review of literature related to Wen Zhengming suggested needs of further clarification of following questions such as how tea appreciation was related to his physical and mental cultivation and art performance, and what features were reflected in his tea philosophy. This study consisted of two sections: (a) The relationship between tea and Wen Zhengming's physical and mental cultivation, which comprised the following two elements: experience in his pursuit of governmental posts and making friends over tea. (b) Wen Zhengming's tea-related expertise, which comprised tea brewing techniques and the connotations within his tea paintings.

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