敦煌吐蕃時代買賣胡粉文書新解

The New Interpretation on the Exotic Powder Auction Manuscript in Dunhuang under the Tibetan Domination

王進玉(Wang JinYu)；王喆(Wang zhe)；王進聰(Wang Jincong)

莫高窟 ； 敦煌藏經洞 ； 遺書 ； 胡粉 ； 化妝品 ； Mogao Grottoes ； Library Cave of Dunhuang ； Ancient Manuscript ； Exotic Powder ； Make-up

中華科技史學會學刊

22期（2017 / 12 / 25）

46 - 54

繁體中文

敦煌藏經洞保存的P.2912文書背面第4項是康秀華為施寫大般若經一部，向乾元寺施4斤胡粉等物品，並委託張金炫和尚貨賣，隨後是炫和尚賣4斤胡粉的帳目。以前學者據此推斷康秀華是經營西方化妝品胡粉的胡商，進而推測這種胡粉既是一種高級化妝品，也是晚唐五代敦煌地區繪製壁畫時使用的顏料。由此得出康秀華是一位從事胡粉等顏料生意的商人。本文通過對買賣高價胡粉文書的解讀。認為這個買賣帳目反映的並不是當時敦煌市場的物價，而是當時寺院出唱（拍賣）施捨品進行牟取暴利的真實記錄。富貴人家購買少量高價胡粉，只能做化妝奢侈品，不可能用作石窟壁畫、彩塑的繪畫顏料。

On the reserve side of the Dunhuang Manuscript P.2912 (Pelliot Collection now in Paris, originally discovered from the Library Cave of Dunhuang), it records a Sogdian Buddhist laymen Kang Xiuhua donated 2kg exotic powder to the Qianyuan Monastery in order to write a set of Paramita Sutra. The exotic powder was then sold from the monastery by monk Zhang Jinxuan, and its trading list was attached. In recent years scholars identified Kang Xiuhua as a Sogdian merchant dealing with exotic powder, and further suggested that the powder was functioning as a luxury make-up, as well as a sort of pigments for Dunhuang mural paintings in the Tenth century. However, this paper aims to re-examine the manuscript, focusing on the powder’s high price. Since the trading list reveals that the powder was not sold in a market price, but in an absurd auction price; it is clear that the local monastery had make a fortune on these donated goods. Considering its price, some rich families bought a tiny bit of exotic powder only for make-up, which could never be pigments for grotto murals and sculptures.

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