题名

美伊戰爭的意識型態與歷史動因

并列篇名

The Ideology and Historic Motivation in the Iraq-US War

DOI

10.6780/JGETUT.201101.0137

作者

于仁壽(Ren-Shou Yu)

关键词

布希主義 ; 新保守主義 ; 九一一事件 ; 全球反恐戰爭 ; 新帝國主義 ; Bush Doctrine ; Neo-conservatism ; September 11 Attacks ; Global War on Terrorism ; Neo-imperialism

期刊名称

台南科技大學通識教育學刊

卷期/出版年月

10期(2011 / 01 / 01)

页次

135 - 154

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

2001年的九一一恐怖攻擊事件似乎改變了美國的外交政策走向,這段歷史值得探討。在美國政府高層中,有一群「新保守主義」份子利用了九一一事件後美國人的心理,促使小布希政府以「全球反恐戰爭」為名,執行單邊主義與預防性戰爭原則的「布希主義」,主張美國可以採用先發制人的軍事手段,並以暴力方式推廣民主。這就是為何2003年英美聯軍入侵伊拉克,會引起舉世譁然。但在伊拉克不僅始終未見任何大規模毀滅性武器的蹤跡,也遍尋不著海珊政權與基地組織勾結的證據,使得自由派知識份子忍不住將美國貼上「新帝國主義」的標籤。為何儘管在絕大多數國家反對之下,美國依舊決定派兵呢?本文認為新保守主義份子與其背後的新帝國主義意識型態確實扮演了重要角色,美國新帝國主義在力求控制世界之餘,又希望能改造世界。控制的表現在於國際貨幣體系中美國的主導地位,以美元作為國際石油交易的基準讓美國獲得龐大無比的利益。新保守份子想要按照自己的想法塑造世界,但這並非是什麼陰謀,他們的作法只不過是順應新帝國主義體系長期運作的邏輯,九一一事件對於這種體系運作帶來了難得一見的機遇,一個得以改造世界的契機,不過並不算成功。但美國驚人的國防預算與頻繁的對外軍事行動,不是美國力量強大的表現,反而是她企圖在經濟實力與全球政治影響力日益衰弱下的一種反搏。

英文摘要

It seems to have changed the direction of the U.S. foreign policy after the September 11 terrorists' attacks in 2001. The history of this period is worth discussing. This article argues that in American high-level government, a small group of ”neo-conservatism” to uses the populace fears mentality, to affect and changed the foreign and defense policy. In the name of ”Global War on Terrorism”, G.W. Bush administration enacts the ”unilateralism” and the principle of ”preventive war” as we called these as ”Bush Doctrine”. It believes that to promote democracy via violence is reasonable. ”Bush Doctrine” causes the whole world burst into an uproar and anger. After British and the US allied armies invaded Iraq in 2003. It's not only has not found any mass destruction weapon, but also cannot find the evidence which the Saddam Hussein collude with al Qaeda. Therefore the liberal intellectuals paste an ”neo-imperialism” label on American foreign policy.In spite of most countries to oppose, neo-conservatism is the reason why the Bush's administration dispatched troops invaded Iraq blatantly in 2003. Neo-conservatism members wish to reshape the world by their ideas and ideology. We cannot say that the neo-conservatism members are ”conspirators”, but there is a historic motivation behind their ideology. This motivation is ”neo-imperialism”. It has had the long-term historical rationality. As we see the status of US dollar in international monetary system reflects the essence of American neo-imperialism, especially in international petroleum market take US dollars as transaction money. September 11 event have brought a rare opportunity to realize the ideal of neo-imperialism, but they failed. The astonishing US defense budget and frequent military action does not represent the strength of American, it reflects the decline of its global politics influence and economy power.

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