鏈球投擲運動員的旋轉單／雙支撐及出手之離心力、角動量及旋轉時間與投擲成績之分析研究

Analysis on Hammer Throw Athletes' Throwing Distance Results with Single/Double Support, Centrifugal Force, Angular Momentum and Rotational Time

10.29503/RLSH.202309_12(2).0007

侯堂盛(Tang-Sheng Ho)；陳育峰(Yu-Feng Chen)

單／雙支撐 ； 離心力 ； 角動量 ； 旋轉時間 ； Single/double support ； centrifugal force ； angular momentum ； rotational time

休閒運動健康評論

12卷2期（2023 / 09 / 30）

89 - 110

繁體中文;英文

本研究主要在探討優秀男女鏈球運動員旋轉的單／雙支撐、出手之離心力和角動量及旋轉時間與投擲成績的差異情形；並檢視優秀男女鏈球運動員，在整體上與不同級距之投擲成績與前述變項之差異情形。本研究資料包含2003年美國田徑全國錦標賽（男運動員10位與女運動員8位）、2003年國際田聯世界田徑總決賽（男運動員8位與女運動員8位）、1999年世界田徑錦標賽（男、女鏈球項目決賽前6名選手數據）。本研究的結果：（一）在旋轉離心力方面：1.經由比較，發現男女優秀鏈球運動員的第1圈單／雙支撐、出手階段的離心力與旋轉時間，未達顯著差異外；其餘變項，都達顯著差異。2.整體上，在優秀女子鏈球運動員方面，每圈單支撐階段之離心力均低於雙支撐階段的離心力，出手離心力的數值最高；在優秀男子鏈球運動員方面，第1與2圈雙支撐階段之離心力高於單支撐階段之離心力；第3與4圈單支撐階段之離心力稍高於雙支撐階段之離心力，出手離心力的數值最高。3.由不同級距之投擲成績來看，在優秀女子鏈球運動員方面，發現每圈單／雙支撐階段離心力及出手離心力及旋轉時間，都未達到顯著差異；然而，每圈單／雙支撐離心力方面，順序有變化。在優秀鏈球男子運動員方面，發現出手離心力與旋轉時間，未達到顯著差異外；其餘變項，都達到顯著差異；並且，每圈單／雙支撐離心力方面，順序有變化。（二）在旋轉角動量方面：1.經由比較，發現男女優秀鏈球運動員的旋轉時間，未達顯著差異外；其餘變項，都達顯著差異。2.整體上，在優秀男女子鏈球運動員方面，每圈單支撐角動量低於每圈雙支撐和出手角動量和每圈角動量，愈來愈大。3.由不同級距投擲成績來看，在優秀鏈球女子運動員方面，發現第1、2圈單／雙支撐階段的角動量，未達顯著差異；第3、4圈單／雙支撐加出手階段的角動量，達顯著差異；在優秀鏈球男子運動員方面，發現每圈單／雙支撐加出手階段的角動量與每圈角動量，皆未達顯著差異。男女運動員，在每圈角動量與每圈單／雙支撐角動量情形，呈現相同情況；在旋轉時間方面，則未達顯著差異。

The study investigates excellent male and female hammer throw athletes' difference in throwing distance with single/double support, centrifugal force, angular momentum and rotational time, and examines the difference of different score range with aforementioned variables. The research objects were in the Men's and Women's Hammer Throw at the 2003 USA Track and Field National Championships in Palo Alto, California and at the 2003 IAAF World Athletic Final, Szombathely, Hungary (10 males and 8 females). and at the World Championships held in Seville, Spain in August 1999 (6 male and 6 female). The results were as follows: (A) On centrifugal force--(1) For both male and female athletes, there was no significant difference in the single/double support, centrifugal force upon releasing the hammer throw and rotational time on the first turn while the other variables showed significant difference. (2) Overall, for excellent female hammer throw athletes, single-support centrifugal force score was lower than that of double-support, while the centrifugal force upon releasing the hammer throw had the highest score. For excellent male hammer throw athletes, double-support centrifugal force for the first and second turns scored higher than single-support centrifugal force; single-support centrifugal force for the third and fourth turns scored slightly higher than double-support; the centrifugal force upon releasing the hammer throw had the highest score. (3) From the throwing distance results of different score range, for female hammer throw athletes there was no significant difference in the single/double support centrifugal force of every turn. However, there was a change of order regarding single/double support centrifugal force of each turn. For male hammer throw athletes, there was no significant difference in centrifugal force upon releasing the hammer throw and rotational time; other variables reached significant difference. There was also a change of order for single/double support centrifugal force of each turn. (B) On angular momentum--(1) It was found that rotational time among male and female hammer throw athletes did not reach significant difference, while all the other variables reached significant difference. (2) Overall, for both male and female hammer throw athletes, single-support of each lower than double support of each and release angular momentum, and getting bigger and bigger of angular momentum of each turn. (3) From the throwing distance results of different score range, for female hammer throw athletes there was no significant difference in the single/double support angular momentum of the first and second turn; there was significant difference in the single/double support angular momentum of the third and fourth turn as well as during the releasing of the hammer throw. For male hammer throw athletes, there was no significant difference in the single/double support angular momentum of each turn and upon releasing the hammer throw, nor in the angular momentum of each turn. Both male and female hammer throw athletes' had the same results in the angular momentum of each turn and single/double support angular momentum. There was no significant difference in rotational time.

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