整合FMEA與MCDM探討工具機風險

A multiple-criteria-decision-making-based FMEA approach for assessing the failure modes of machine tool

10.29893/NCUTMAN.201811.0043

陳彥廷(Yen Ting Chen)；劉建浩(Jiann Haw Liou)；徐柏皓(Po Hao Hsu)

多準則決策模型（MCDM） ； 失效模式與影響分析（FMEA） ； 最好最差法（BWM） ； 熵方法（Entropy Method） ； 折衷排序法（VIKOR） ； FMEA ； Machine ； Tools ； BWM ； Entropy method ； VIKOR

管理學術研討會

第十六屆（2018 / 11 / 01）

343 - 355

繁體中文

科技日新月異，工具機自動化成為現今的趨勢，若工具機發生故障，可能會造成企業損失或是人員傷亡，所以說工具機風險管理是一個值得探討的議題。以失效模式及效應分析（FMEA）作為風險評估技術。然而，許多學者對於此種傳統FMEA方法提出些許的缺點，例如：未考慮發生率（Occurrence, O）、嚴重性（Severity, S）、檢測率（Detection, D）之間的相對重要性等。本研究的目的在於改善傳統FMEA的缺點，建立一套混合多準則決策的風險評估模型，將FMEA及多屬性決策分析（Multi-Attribute Decision Making, MADM）方法結合，作為評級分析的工具。本文以工具機之旋轉工作台為例，透過專家經驗歸納出影響工具機的風險模式，建立潛在失效模式之模型，並採用模糊FMEA以解決定性值轉換為定量之問題，能夠更有效客觀的進行分析，找出失效因子的程度。為了改善傳統FMEA之中風險因子相同權重之問題，透過最好最差法（Best-Worst Method, BWM）及熵方法（Entropy Method）計算主觀與客觀權重，並將其進行整合。最終運用折衷排序法（VIKOR）針對失效模式進行排序，提供決策者參考改善之依據，並能夠防範意外之發生。研究結果顯示專家對於風險因子的排序為嚴重度（S）»檢測率（D）»經濟成本（E）»可維護性（M）»發生率（O）»備件（SP），而風險評估前三項分別為「防水措施不當」、「旋轉時機台發出噪音」、「底座漏油」，此三項失效模式具有較高的風險。本研究並針對此三項失效模式提出建議預防和改善措施。

With the rapid development of science and technology, people's reliance on machines has increased. Especially in traditional factories, showing that automation of the tool machine is a general trend of society nowadays. If the tool machine fails that may cause serious economic loss or casualties in a company, so the risk management of the tool machine is an important issue that must be properly discussed. Previous research uses Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as a risk assessment technique, which has been used in a wide range of fields. FMEA typically uses three parameters as a risk factor to calculate the Risk Priority number (RPN), which are Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detection (D). However, many scholars have criticized with this traditional FMEA method. For example: not consider the relative importance of O, S, D, the different types of risk factor score conversion. This study improves the traditional FMEA, which combines FMEA and Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) as a rating tool for risk assessment. This study uses rotary table as an example to discuss the most important risk models that affect the tool machine through expert experience. To fix the problem of the equal weights in in traditional FMEA, the Best- Worst Method (BWM) is applied to calculate subjective weights and the entropy method to calculate the objective weights. Finally, this study uses VIKOR method to rank the failure modes; then, decision makers can effectively propose the preventing strategies. The final results show that the ranking of risk factors by experts is Severity » Detection » Economic cost » Maintainability » Ooccurrence » Spare Parts. The first three risk modes are waterproofing measures, machine noise during rotation, and base oil spill. Based on the results, this study provides some preventing strategies for the three risk modes.