權力基礎理論：權力定義與權力增生性

李怡青

doi:10.6129/CJP.2012.5402.05

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P203 - 217

社会科学 > 心理学

DOI： 10.6129/CJP

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权力基础理论：权力定义与权力增生性

An Introduction of Power Basis Theory: Definition of Power and Fungibility

李怡青(I-Ching Lee)

中华心理学刊； 54 卷 2 期 (2012 / 06 / 01) ， P203 - 217

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6129/CJP.2012.5402.05

权力定义；权力与性别；权力与需求；权力增生性； definition of power ； fungibility ； power and gender ； power and needs

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (45) │ 被引用文献 (4) │ 国际计量

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The literature offers divergent definitions of power. Based on a power-as-need perspective, researchers observed various psychological and behavioral implications resulting from pursuing power. However, the power-asneed perspective has difficulty to account for why various types of power can be effective or to present fundamental principles in guiding the dynamics of power. I introduced a power basis theory (Pratto et al., 2010), in which we offered a definition of power and delineated three basic principles in power dynamics. Power is defined as the relative ability to meet one's needs in one's ecological field. The basis in which a person's particular need is evaluated is called power basis. According to power basis theory, because power corresponds to one's needs, one's sensitivity to a given need affects one's perceived power in the given power basis. Furthermore, different types of power can be effective in terms of how they fulfill or deprive of others' needs. Social perceptions of powerholders may differ on the levels of perceived trustworthiness in terms of how powerholders use power. Powerholders who use power to fulfill others' needs are perceived to be trustworthy, whereas those who use power to deprive of others' needs are perceived to be untrustworthy. Lastly, because human beings have different needs, a person's power can be fungible. When people have one particular type of power, they are more likely to have other types of power, resulting in actual power fungibility. When information is lacking, powerholders are more likely to be assumed having different types of power; such a phenomenon is called perceived power fungibility. Three studies were conducted to test whether (1) power corresponds to needs but pursuing power is not a need, (2) superiority in a given power basis is related to perceived power, and (3) when powerholders enjoy superiority in a given power basis, there is evidence for perceived power fungibility. Indeed, participants' selfratings data showed that the more a need is satisfied, the higher one's life satisfaction is (Study 1). Moreover, superiority in a given power basis increased perceived power, supporting the power definition offered by power basis theory (Study 2). When controlling for actual power, the more the powerholders were viewed with one type of power, the more they were viewed with other types of power, providing evidence for perceived power fungibility (Study 3). Evidence regarding power and gender was presented and further implications of power basis theory were discussed.

参考文献 ( 45 ) 〈TOP〉

林姿葶、郑伯埙(2007)。性别与领导角色孰先孰後？主管─部属性别配对、共事时间及家长式领导。中华心理学刊，49，433-450。
连结：
Aguinis, H.,Nesler, M. S.,Quigley, B. M.,Tedeschi, J. T.(1994).Perceptions of power: A cognitive perspective.Social Behavior and Personality,22,377-384.
Anderson, C.,Berdahl, J. L.(2002).The experience of power: Examining the effects of power on approach and inhibition tendencies.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,83,1362-1377.
Baumeister, R. F.,Leary, M. R.(1995).The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin,117,497-529.
Bierstedt, R.(1950).An analysis of social power.American Sociological Review,15,730-738.

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