深圳市城市發展過程之生態環境影響與景觀格局最適化

張小飛; 王仰麟; 薛怡珍; 李正國; 李衛鋒; 蔣依依; 施孟亨

doi:10.6128/CP.37.1.121

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P121 - 142

工程学 > 土木与建筑工程
工程学 > 市政与环境工程

DOI： 10.6128/CP

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深圳市城市发展过程之生态环境影响与景观格局最适化

Impacts of Urban Development on Ecological Environment and Landscape Optimization Strategies in Shenzhen

张小飞(Hsiao-Fei Chang) ；王仰麟(Yang-Lin Wang) ；薛怡珍(I-Chen Hsueh) ；李正国(Zheng-Guo Li) ；李卫锋(Wei-Feng Li) ；蒋依依(Yi-Yi Jiang) ；施孟亨(Meng-Heng Shih)

都市与计划； 37 卷 1 期 (2010 / 03 / 01) ， P121 - 142

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6128/CP.37.1.121

快速城市化；植被覆盖；热岛效应；景观最适化格局； Rapid urbanization ； Vegetation cover ； Heat island effect ； Landscape optimization pattern

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (52) │ 国际计量

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As one of the most significant consequences of human activities, urbanization has caused enormous negative environmental impacts, from the local through to the regional and even global levels. To date, rapid urbanization and construction have created numerous ecological and environmental problems. Regarding its various dynamic processes, complicated driving mechanisms and ecological impacts, urbanization has become one of the key issues related to global changes such as land use change and climate change. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen stands on the frontline of the Reformation and Opening of Mainland China. During the past 30 years, particularly since 1990, the landscape of Shenzhen has changed from a traditional agricultural landscape to a typical urban landscape. Consequently, Shenzhen has blossomed into the third largest city in Mainland China. However, with the continuous growth in urban population and industry, various environmental problems have begun to emerge with negative impacts on the urban ecosystem. In this study, spatial pattern changes of urban landscapes and the potential ecological impacts are assessed. First, spatial pattern of urban landscape has been extracted based on LANDSAT TM images and analyzed quantitatively with using a spatial analysis package embedded in geographical information system (GIS) platform. Furthermore, spatial modeling is applied to examine the effects of vegetation dynamics and urban heat island related to urban landscape changes. Owing to urbanization, landscape fragmentation and urban heat island effect have been assessed to examine theirs influence art natural vegetation degradation. The results indicate that rapid urbanization is speeding up the spatial changes of landscape pattern and degrading ecological function and environmental quality in Shenzhen. The negative influence of urbanization on vegetation varies with landscape type. Area of agriculture landscape tends to decrease significantly, while natural landscape only changes slightly, that contribute to maintain a relatively high level of ecological service. Moreover, urbanization also affects land surface temperature. The result shows a remarkable rising trend of urban heat island effect since 1990. Especially, the most obvious temperature rise appears in the newly-built area. Meanwhile, the temperature is relatively low in the inner cities, which have well-developed urban afforesting and greening scheme, with evenly distributed green patches and closely spaced high-rise buildings. To mitigate the impacts of urbanization on urban environment, in 2005 the Shenzhen government devised a plan to integrate resource conservation areas, forest parks, and urban green-lands (total area about 974 km^2) to establish a limited development area. From a network perspective, it is suggested that ecological planning in Shenzhen should construct an ecological network by enhancing the link between urban open space and natural landscape in the suburb, and restricting urban expansion to reduce the impacts on the conservation areas.

参考文献 ( 52 ) 〈TOP〉

林宪德、孙振义、李魁鹏、郭晓青(2005)。台南地区都市规模与都市热岛强度之研究。都市与计划，32(1)，83-97。
连结：
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Alberti, M.,Marzluff, J. M.,Shulenberger, E.,Bradley, G.,Ryan, C.,Zumbrunnen, C.(2003).Integrating humans into ecology: Opportunities and challenges for studying urban ecosystems.Bioscience,52(12),1169-1179.
Antrop, M.(2005).Why landscapes of the past are important for the future.Landscape and Urban Planning,70(1-2),21-34.
Antrop, M.(2000).Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe.Landscape Ecology,15(3),257-270.

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