Benefit Sharing Mechanism in Forest Protection and Livelihoods in Central Vietnam: Empirical Insights into Two Indigenous Communes

Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak

doi:10.6234/JGR.201911_(71).0006

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P107 - 131

人文学 > 地理及区域研究

DOI： 10.6234/JGR

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Benefit Sharing Mechanism in Forest Protection and Livelihoods in Central Vietnam: Empirical Insights into Two Indigenous Communes

越南中部之森林保护的利益分享机制及生计：两个原住民社群团体的观察研究

莫家俊(Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak)

地理研究； 71 期 (2019 / 11 / 01) ， P107 - 131

英文 DOI： 10.6234/JGR.201911_(71).0006

Vietnam ； Forest conservation ； Benefit sharing mechanism ； Sustainable livelihoods ； Indigenous communitiesa ；越南；森林保育；利益分享机制；永续生计；原住民社群

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (37) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

The relationship between forest degradation, poverty and conservation has been unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the impacts of benefit sharing mechanism (BSM), forest conservation and devolution on indigenous communities in two selected communes (sub-district level units) in Central Vietnam: Huong Hiep and Thuong Nhat. To do this, we adopted a sustainable livelihoods approach and subdivided livelihood impacts into financial, natural, physical, social, cultural and human capitals. These types of capital are interconnected and continuously subjected to change. For this study, we conducted livelihood surveys on household level (n=85), and semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with households and other stakeholders. The research has been conducted in the summers of 2013 and 2014 for four months in total. Thuong Nhat was a commune with a fully developed BSM and community forestry scheme. Huong Hiep, on the other hand, was still in the process of developing a similar scheme. The financial impact of BSM was minimal as the fee for forest patrolling for individual households was relatively small. On the other hand, BSM exacerbated income inequality in Huong Hiep as only selected elite households were eligible for receiving financial benefits for forest conservation. BSM and forest devolution allowed communities to legally own community forestland in Thuong Nhat through so-called community Red Books. Households in Thuong Nhat were able to collect non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and cut trees for housing in their forest. BSM and forest conservation consolidated the influence of the formal institutions on forest use in the communities. This led to the deterioration of customary forest classifications and a ban on swidden agriculture. Whereas in Thuong Nhat the influence of customary institutions, forest classifications and livelihoods was largely diminished as a result of BSM and community forestry, households in Huong Hiep still adhered to their customary ways of managing the forest. Lastly, this study identified internal and external drivers for success and failure of BSM in Vietnam. These drivers included: the ability for households to diversify their livelihoods; involvement of the community, and customary institutions and arrangements; access to land and credit; human and social capital accumulation; and increased resilience.

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参考文献 ( 37 ) 〈TOP〉

Wang, G.Y.,Mang, S.,Krzyzanowski, J.,Guo, F.T.,Wang, T.L.,Riehl, B.,Kang, H.J.,Li, Q.L.,Innes, J.L.(2015).Climate change and forest adaptation in the Asia-Pacific.Journal of Geographical Research,63,73-110.
连结：
Adger, W. N.(2006).Vulnerability.Global environmental change,16(3),268-281.
Agrawal, A.(1995).Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge.Development and change,26(3),413-439.
Agrawal, A.,Chhatre, A.,Hardin, R.(2008).Changing governance of the world's forests.Science,320(5882),1460-1462.
Agrawal, A.,Nepstad, D.,Chhatre, A.(2011).Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,36(1),373-396.

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