探討成熟斷層對於青少年違犯行為之影響

曾幼涵; 許文耀; 黃守廉

doi:10.30074/FJMH.200909_22(3).0001

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P213 - 239

社会科学 > 心理学

DOI： 10.30074/FJMH

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探讨成熟断层对於青少年违犯行为之影响

Exploring the Impact of a Maturity Gap on Juvenile Delinquency

曾幼涵(Yu-Han Tseng) ；许文耀(Wen-Yau Hsu) ；黄守廉(Shoou-Lian Hwang)

中华心理卫生学刊； 22 卷 3 期 (2009 / 09 / 01) ， P213 - 239

繁体中文 DOI： 10.30074/FJMH.200909_22(3).0001

青少年违犯行为；成熟断层； juvenile delinquency ； maturity gap

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (32) │ 国际计量

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Purpose: Many studies have explored how general risk factors (i.e., impulsivity and adverse social control) influence juvenile delinquency. Few have examined the relation between juvenile delinquency and a maturity gap, the difference in an adolescent's physical and social maturity (Moffitt, 1993). Some adolescents with a maturity gap engage in social mimicry of delinquent peers and become involved in delinquent behaviors. Because an operational definition of maturity gap has yet to be clarified in the literature, this study develops a maturity gap scale with 4 factors: material needs, material restraints, autonomy needs, and autonomy restraints. The goals of this study were to test the validity of the maturity gap scale, determine whether a maturity gap has a unique influence on juvenile delinquency, determine whether a maturity gap is the main contributor to delinquency arising in adolescence, and compare general risk factors and maturity gap factors in 3 groups of adolescents: one who has committed few delinquent acts, one exhibiting early-and one exhibiting late-onset delinquency. Methods: Participants included 287 junior and senior high boys (M age = 17.09 years). The measured variables included impulsivity, social control factors (parenting from father, parenting from mother, attachment to school, and attachment to peers), maturity gap (material needs, material restraints, autonomy needs, autonomy restraints), social mimicry (association with delinquent peers), conduct problems in childhood, and juvenile delinquency. Results: Results confirmed the internal consistency, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the 4 maturity gap factors. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that a maturity gap predicts juvenile delinquency after controlling for conduct problems in childhood and general risk factors. For those participants who never exhibited conduct problems in childhood, a maturity gap but not general risk factors predicted juvenile delinquency. The 3 groups had a significant difference in material needs, material restrains, and autonomy needs. Conclusions: Findings supported the importance of the concept of maturity gap for juvenile delinquency research. In the past, some researchers have regarded Autonomy Needs as the most important factor in a maturity gap. Results indicated that Material Needs (such as the need for sex, a car, or money) is another important factor. Moffitt considered restraints to be risk factors for delinquency, but this study demonstrated that Material Restraints could prevent youth from engaging in criminal activities. These contradictory results are discussed from the perspective of opportunity theories of crime and cultural differences.

参考文献 ( 32 ) 〈TOP〉

Alltucker, K. W.,Bullis, M.,Close, D.,Yovanoff, P.(2006).Different pathways to juvenile delinquency: Characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously incarcerated youth.Journal of Child and Family Studies,5(4),479-492.
Buchanan, C. M.,Eccles, J. S.,Becker, J. B.(1992).Are adolescents the victims of raging hormones: Evidence for activational effects of hormones on moods and behavior at adolescence.Psychological Bulletin,111,62-107.
Carroll, A.,Hemingway, F.,Bower, J.,Ashman, A.,Houghton, S.,Durkin, K.(2006).Impulsivity in juvenile delinquency: Differences among early-onset, late-onset, and non-offenders.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,35(4),519-529.
Cohen, L. E.,Felson, M.(1979).Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach.American Sociological Review,44,588-608.
Farrington, D. P.,M. Tonry(Eds.),N. Morris(Eds.)(1986).Crime and justice: An annual review of research.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

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