學習障礙兒童對華語捲舌音特徵的聽知覺辨識

鄭靜宜

doi:10.6172/BSE201107.3602002

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社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6172/BSE

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学习障碍儿童对华语卷舌音特徵的听知觉辨識

The Auditory Identification of Mandarin Retroflex Features for Children with Learning Disabilities

郑静宜(Jing-Yi Jeng)

特殊教育研究学刊； 36 卷 2 期 (2011 / 07 / 01) ， P27 - 50

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6172/BSE201107.3602002

卷舌音；学习障碍；听觉辨識；频谱；动差分析； Retroflex ； Learning disability ； Auditory identification ； Spectral ； Moment analysis

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (46) │ 被引用文献 (5) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

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In Mandarin Chinese, there are three retroflex contrasts of fricatives and affricates. The major acoustical difference between these retroflex contrasts is the spectral pattern of frication noise, but the perceptual distinction between these contrasts is subtle in nature. It is of interest to discover if children with learning disabilities (LD) have difficulty differentiating the retroflex contrasts perceptually, as well as whether children with LD have different response patterns for the task of retroflex detection. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the auditory identification of retroflexes between children with LD and children without LD, and to investigate the acoustical spectral parameters related to the retroflex perceptual judgment of the two groups of children. Methods: There were a total of 60 children participating in the experiment, 30 of which had LD and 30 that did not. The children that did not have LD served as the control group. The ages of the subjects ranged from 9 to 12 years old. The perceptual task was to listen to monosyllabic words one by one and judge if the stimuli were retro-flexes or not as quickly as possible. In the second task, the stimuli were bisyllabic words, and the retroflex judgment was constrained to the first syllable of each word. Results: The results showed that the percentage of correct retroflex identifications of monosyllabic words for children with LD was 52%, which was significantly lower than that for the control group, at 66%. For the bisyllabic word stimuli, the trend of the response patterns was similar to that for the monosyllabic words. The percentage of correct retroflex identifications for children with LD was 51%, which was significantly lower than that for the control group, at 66%. For nonretroflexed stimuli, the LD group had more 'false alarm' responses. Moreover, the LD group had more errors for words with nonretroflexed aspirated consonants. This suggested that for listeners with LD, the detection of retroflex features might interfere with the aspirated features. Using the retroflexion response of the two groups, the spectral moments of the frication noise in the words were acoustically analyzed. The results showed that the level of contrast between two categories (retroflexed vs. nonretroflexed) on the four moment values for the LD group was greatly reduced, especially in the first moment, M1, which implied the spectral frequency gravity of frication noise. In fact, M1 for retroflexed consonants should be lower than for their nonretroflexed counterparts; however, the responses of children with LD showed no such trends. Stepwise multi-regression also showed M1 to be the only robust variable entering the model. This held true for both groups, but the multi-regression correlation coefficient for the control group (R=0.66) was much higher than that for the LD group (R=0.23). Conclusions/Implications: The conclusions and implications of this study were as follows. The children with LD had difficulties differentiating the retroflex contrasts perceptually. The results of the spectral moment analysis suggested that the children with LD did not differentiate retroflexion according to M1, which is an important cue for normal listeners. The perceptual processing of the frequency gravity for the frication noise in speech may be defective for children with LD. This suggested that they may have auditory frequency resolution deficits during speech noise processing.

参考文献 ( 46 ) 〈TOP〉

郑静宜(2009)。华语卷舌音对比的听觉辨識与频谱动差分析。中华心理学刊，51(2)，157-173。
连结：
吴月瑛、邱瑜萱（2004）：注音符号补救教学之行动研究。2010 年7 月30 日，取自http://ws2.htes.chc.edu.tw。[Wu, Yu-Ing & Chio, Yu-Shyan (2004). The action research of recovery teaching for Chinese phonetic symbols (zhuyinfuhao). Retrieved July 30, 2010, from http://ws2.htes.chc.edu.tw ]
Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2004). DMDX [computer soft-ware]. Tucson, AI: University of Arizona..
Milenkovic, P. (2003). Moments: Batch Speech Spectrum Moments Analysis. Retrieved January 27, 2009, from http://www.medsch.wic.edu/~milenkvc/tools.html.
Milenkovic, P. (2004). TF32 [computer program].Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison..

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