有機磷農藥代噴灑作業勞工暴露評估之研究

Chih-Hung Lin; Lien-Hsiung Lee; I-Fang Mao; Yi-Ju Chen; Yi-Hung Chen; Kai-Wei Liao; Yen-An Tsai; Mei-Lien Chen

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P79 - 96

医药卫生 > 预防保健与卫生学
医药卫生 > 社会医学
工程学 > 市政与环境工程

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有机磷农药代喷洒作业劳工暴露评估之研究

Exposure Assessment of Laborers in Charge of Spraying Organic Phosphorus Pesticides

林志鸿(Chih-Hung Lin) ；李联雄(Lien-Hsiung Lee) ；毛义方(I-Fang Mao) ；陈怡如(Yi-Ju Chen) ；陈怡泓(Yi-Hung Chen) ；廖凯威(Kai-Wei Liao) ；蔡鄢安(Yen-An Tsai) ；陈美莲(Mei-Lien Chen)

劳动及职业安全卫生研究季刊； 31 卷 2 期 (2023 / 06 / 20) ， P79 - 96

繁体中文;英文

有机磷农药；暴露评估；健康风险； Organophosphate pesticide ； Exposure assessment ； Health risk

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (22) │ 被引用文献 (1) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

并列摘要〈TOP〉

Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture due to their short-term effectiveness, with applications covering various high-value crops such as orchards, vegetable gardens, and tea gardens. Investigations have found that the domestic use of pesticides amounts to more than 30,000 to 40,000 tons, with organophosphate pesticides being the most commonly used. However, some studies have shown that organophosphate pesticides can cause poisoning by forming acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the human body, and some organophosphate pesticides have also shown potential carcinogenicity. Although previous studies have conducted comprehensive exposure investigations on farmers and pesticide manufacturing workers in our country, there is little research on the exposure and health risks of workers in emerging industries that use environmental pesticides for spraying, especially for crops that mix multiple pesticides and require long-term and high-density spraying. Therefore, the exposure status and health risks of such workers deserve in-depth investigation and discussion. This study collected and analyzed air and skin patch samples from 40 workers involved in crop spraying operations. The study subjects were all male, with an average age of 40.8±12.3 years, and 97.5% of them wore respiratory protective equipment during work, but 60% did not wear gloves. The air sampling analysis results for seven organophosphate pesticides, including dimethoate, phoxim, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and monocrotophos, showed that the detection rates in air samples were mainly for diazinon and dimethoate, at 93% and 68%, respectively, while pirimiphos-methyl and monocrotophos were not detected. In terms of skin exposure, diazinon had the highest detection rate and dose, followed by dimethoate, while pirimiphos-methyl was not detected. As for air concentration, diazinon had the highest concentration, and the ADD_(RE) value of pesticide exposure through respiratory exposure for workers was 9.19 μg/kg/day, while the average ADD_(DE) value for exposure through skin was 78.15 μg/kg/day. In addition, according to the risk estimation MOS value of the exposure concentration in the work environment, it was found that there was no acute toxic risk of pesticide exposure for workers, but there was still a risk of chronic toxicity, with the highest exposure risk coming from diazinon. In view of this, this study recommends that workers engage in spraying operations using different safety measures according to the toxicity and different exposure routes of different pesticides, and that they should wear complete personal protective equipment throughout the process. Especially during off-work or rest periods, it is recommended that workers perform simple washing or changing clothes to reduce skin absorption, and pesticide sprayers should receive training from pesticide proxy spray technicians to establish correct pesticide use and safety measures.

参考文献 ( 22 ) 〈TOP〉

农业统计年报：农业生产资材 - 农药类。行政院农委会，2008。
农药资讯网：登记统计。行政院农业委员会动植物防疫检疫局，2011。
Bassil, KL,Vakil, C,Sanborn, M,Cole, DC,Kaur, JS,Kerr, KJ(2007).Cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review.Can Fam Physician,53,1,704-1,711.
Bradman, MA,Harnly, M,Draper, W,Seidel, S,Teran, S,Wakeham, D(1997).Pesticide exposures to children from California's Central Valley: results of a pilot study.J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol,7(2),217-234.
Colborn, T,Dumanoski, D,Myers, JP,吴东杰（译）,李芸玫（译）,李静瑶（译）(2007).失窃的未来：生命的隐形浩劫.先觉出版社.

被引用文献 ( 1 ) 〈TOP〉

(2024)。有机磷农药代喷洒作业劳工尿中代谢物生物侦测之研究。劳动及职业安全卫生研究季刊，32(2)，62-83。

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