資訊系統發展中政治行為之意圖：以計畫行為理論為基礎之研究－MIS專業人員與使用者差異之比較

張玲星

doi:10.6504/JOM.2006.23.03.04

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社会科学 > 管理学

DOI： 10.6504/JOM

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资讯系统发展中政治行为之意图：以计画行为理论为基础之研究－MIS专业人员与使用者差异之比较

The Political Behavior Intention in Information System Development: A Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior-The Gap between MIS Professionals and Users

张玲星(Ling-Hsing Chang)

管理学报； 23 卷 3 期 (2006 / 06 / 01) ， P347 - 365

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6504/JOM.2006.23.03.04

资讯系统发展；政治行为；计划行为理论；权术主义；社会交换理论； Information System Development ； Political Behavior ； Theory of Planned Behavior ； Machiavellism ； Social Exchange Theory

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (68) │ 被引用文献 (4) │ 国际计量

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The speedy development of IT impacts organizational structure, task design, and the work method of employees. As these changes also affect the power and benefits of some employees, the development of IS is often deterred. The purpose of this study is to analyze the major factors influencing the political behavior of employees in information system development (ISD), and to understand the difference between MIS professionals and users. Two theories are used to create the research model: (1) The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and (2) Social Exchange Theory (SET).
Many studies remind us that when people behave politically, they will plan (intend to act) before acting. However, the three stages, antecedent conditions, operating mechanisms and outcomes (Vredenburgh & Maurer, 1984; Robbins, 1992) of the political behavior process fail to reveal the intention process. As the study of political behavior in ISD explored in the context of TPB in order to understand the difference between ”MIS professionals” and ”users” is still rare, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a good vehicle for ascertaining an individual's intention with regard to political behavior. However, as there is still a lack of scholastic analyses on political behavior in ISD based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the impact of ISD factors, like personality and institute properties, should be considered. In view of this, the present study utilities two theories: TPB and SET to analyze the political behavior intention of ”MIS professionals” and ”users” in ISD, and to compare the differences between the two groups.
TPB suggests that the best predictor of political behavior in ISD is determined by three basic factors: personal interest, personal perceived capabilities and social influence. The personal interest factor attitude toward political behavior, reflects the individual's intention to behave politically in ISD; the personal perceived behavioral control reflects the individual perception of political efficacy, controllability and resources that he/she can control. The social influence factor, subjective norm, refers to the individual perception of social pressure that pushes them to behave politically in the context of ISD. A person with a Machiavellian disposition, interacting with other people, always attempts to control them. Thus it is possible that the major variables in personality such as i1achiavellism till have an influence on an employee's attitude, subjective norm, perceived political behavioral control and perceived political efficacy. The SET suggests that political behavior in ISD is fundamentally a social exchange behavior. The expectations of reward either from others or from the organization determine the attitude toward an employee's political behavior in ISD. Thus the major variables in SET such as trust, commitment, common values and power might have an influence on employee attitude and subjective norm. In view of this, these variables are included in the research model.
In the TPB, these results show that: (1) Attitudes only have a significant effect on MIS professionals' intention with regard to political behavior but do not have a significant effect on those of users. It is possible that MIS professionals have more IS professional Knowledge, permitting them to decide whether or not to accommodate IS by themselves. In contrast, users will not employ political behavior if they have no intensive knowledge of how to do it. Further in the ”forming coalitions” scenario, following others is more adequate than not. (2) The subjective norm, perceived political behavior control, and perceived political efficacy in ISD have significant effects on the intention of both MIS professionals and users. The subjective norm results match the findings of Robinson and Shaver (1973). In this cooperation-is-necessary scenario, players will take into consideration the opinions of important others because they need their support. The perceived political behavior control results are consistent with the studies of Renshon (1974) and Bandura (1986). Irrespective of the role played by employees in the organization, they will engage in political behavior as long as they have controllability.
On the practical level of TPB, the implication that management administrators can draw from this is principally that they must understand the employees' roles in the organization and then either eradicate the climate of alliance among employees in the ISD process, or avoid the concentration of duty on individuals. If the status, power and self-interest of employees is reduced and affected by IS, then they will have the intention to behave politically in ISD. Therefore, managers should prevent this before ISD, in order to reduce the risk of ISD failure.
With regard to the external factors, the results show that: (1) Machiavellism has a significant effect on both MIS professionals' and users' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived political behavior control, and perceived political efficacy in ISD. In addition, the relationship between strong Machiavellism and political behavior intention is confirmed. (2) In the SET, A. Power type: Type Ⅰ power (negative), type Ⅱ power (positive), and type Ⅳ-B power (negative) for MIS professionals have significant effects on attitude. However Type Ⅰ power and type Ⅲ power for users have a significant negative effect on attitude, with type Ⅲ power for users only having a significant negative effect on subjective norm. The types of employees' power are dynamic, and thus, there is no constant relationship between them and different kinds of political behavior in ISD. These results are inconsistent with the findings of McClelland (1975). B. Common values: This has a significant effect on the attitudes of 1IS professionals only in ISD. C. Commitment: This has a significant effect on the subjective norms of MIS professionals only in ISD. D. Trust: This has significant effects on the attitudes of MIS professionals and the subjective norms of users.
On the practical level, among the external factors, only Machiavellism has a significant effect on the attitudes and subjective norms of users. Common value, commitment and trust have a significant effect on MIS professionals' attitudes or subjective norms with regard to political behavior in ISD. However, only trust has a significant effect on users' subjective norms with regard to political behavior in ISD. Therefore, when there is a need to recruit new employees in an organization, it might be useful for management administrators to measure the Machiavellism of selectees, as this is a possible means by which negative political behavior in ISD will be minimized. On the other hand, they should consider the employees' roles in the organization, arouse their sense of common values and commitment to the organization, and promote a climate of trust within the organization. This is perhaps another way to reduce the possibility of political behavior in the ISD.
Finally, this study seeks to propose a political behavior intention model in ISD, and to offer other researchers and management administrators some insight into political behavior in the ISD discipline.

参考文献 ( 68 ) 〈TOP〉

Chang, C. L. H.,Lin, T. C.(2005).Interpretation Political Behaviors in Information System Implementation from Multi-Perspectives.Journal of Information Managemen (in Chinese).
连结：
Ajzen, I.(2002).Perceived Behavioral Control, SelfEfficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior.Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
Ajzen, I.(2001).Nature and Operation of Attitudes.Annual Review of Psychology.
Ajzen, I.,J. Kuhl,J. Bechmänn(1986).From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior.Action-Control: From Cognition to Behavior.
Ajzen, I.,L. Berkowitz(1987).Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology.Advances in experimental social psychology.

被引用文献 ( 4 ) 〈TOP〉

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