父母親韌力與韌性－以照顧青少年時期中途致殘子女為例

Tzu-Yin Yen; Ting-Chia Lien; Hsiao-Feng Cheng

doi:10.6251/BEP.202306_54(4).0009

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P973 - 996

社会科学 > 心理学
社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6251/BEP

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父母亲韧力与韧性－以照顾青少年时期中途致残子女为例

Parental Resilience: Parenting Children with Acquired Disabilities throughout Adolescence

颜姿吟(Tzu-Yin Yen) ；连廷嘉(Ting-Chia Lien) ；郑晓枫(Hsiao-Feng Cheng)

教育心理学报； 54 卷 4 期 (2023 / 06 / 01) ， P973 - 996

繁体中文;英文 DOI： 10.6251/BEP.202306_54(4).0009

中途致残；韧性；韧力； acquired disability ； resilience ； resiliency

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (50) │ 国际计量

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This study investigated the development of resilience in parents who are caring for children with disabilities resulting from accidents during adolescence and who are undergoing rehabilitation. In addition, this study examined the concept of resiliency in the context of parental caregiving for these children. Resilience refers to the process of positively adapting through adversity, whereas resiliency refers to the ability to positively adapt in the face of adversity and multiple risks. Adolescence is a critical period in which individuals explore their own identity and seek recognition from others. Teenagers who experience disability face overwhelming challenges, such as those related to interpersonal connections, psychoemotional well-being, and self-identification. If a child becomes disabled in an accident, their parents must continually make critical medical decisions and cope with emergencies. They may neglect their self-care and social relationships and even change their occupation because of the pressures of caregiving. However, some parents learn to cope with adversity, grief, and stress and can adjust to their new lifestyle. Through the process of resilience, they can develop resiliency, which corresponds with assuming the long-term responsibilities of caring for a child with a disability. This study employed purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with the parents of two children who became disabled during adolescence. The interviews aimed to understand the parents' life adjustments in the aftermath of their children's traumatic accident. Each parent participated in two in-depth interviews, with each session lasting 2 hours. The father was employed as a mailman at the time of the accident, and he applied for early retirement to care for his children. The mother was a housewife who had resigned from her job after marriage. They had three children; the oldest child was a boy, the middle child was a girl, and the youngest child was a boy. The middle and youngest children were in a traffic accident 18 years prior to the parents' participation when the children were traveling home from school. They had severe brain injuries and were unable to talk or walk. The middle child was in ninth grade and the youngest child was in sixth grade when the tragedy occurred. Despite undergoing multiple surgeries and rehabilitation, the children had mild to medium levels of intellectual and physical disabilities. Their emotional responses and expressions were also affected. However, regardless of these challenges, they successfully completed college education, found employment, and even earned the Presidential Education Award. The interview outline was based on the process concept of Patterson and Kelleher (2005). A semistructured interview was employed to examine the parental caregivers' resilience and resiliency and parent-child interaction. A literature review revealed that resilience and resiliency are mutually affected traits and experiences. Therefore, this study divided the outline into two parts: interactions among family members during the process of caregiving and the development of adaptive behaviors. The questions were classified by stage to analyze changes on the basis of a timeline: Before, during, and after the accident. This study employed a narrative inquiry approach based on the "whole-content" style of narrative analysis proposed by Lieblich et al. (1998). Data analysis was implemented using the hermeneutic circle approach. When their adolescent children became disabled after an accident, the parental caregivers chose to accept their new reality out of love for their children. The parents rapidly adjusted the traditional family structure, redefining it into a nuclear family framework and adopting a new lifestyle centered on a husband-wife subsystem. This enabled them to concentrate their energy on caring for their children. The couple agreed that their children were young and had acquired their disabilities through a tragic accident. They believed in their children's potential to recover and thus emphasized intensive rehabilitation. Therefore, one parent provided the children with companionship, whereas the other parent motivated the children to persevere in their rehabilitation. By fulfilling their respective roles, the parents could sense each other's intentions toward and sacrifices made for their children, which produced a profound bond of mutual support. The parental caregivers cherished the time spent with their children, which transformed the interactions between them and fostered a stronger family bond. The entire family united to navigate through the pain and upheaval caused by the accident. During the children's process of rehabilitation and attending school, the parents experienced both successes and setbacks alongside their children. They persevered together despite facing formidable challenges, overcoming hardships, and making sacrifices when required. As their children grew, they dedicated themselves to locating and securing necessary resources and opportunities, regardless of distance. They also supported their children throughout college, guided them toward future employment opportunities, and collected information for financing plans. Therefore, the resilience-building process of these parental caregivers was concluded to have comprised six stages: Establishing a foundation based on the innate love between parents and children, preserving the boundary of the nuclear family, enhancing intimacy in the interparent relationship and working as a team, improving parent-child interaction and enhancing cohesion, planning thoughtfully for the children, and finding external resources to prepare for the children's careers. The process of developing resilience yields the ability of resiliency. The parents reconciled themselves to the tragic incident and actively adapted to their new circumstances. They strived to assist their children in their recovery, with the belief that "actions can change fate." Both parents were "sure" that they could help their children stand on their own feet. Sharing the same goals, the parents embraced their specific responsibilities and collaborated to prioritize their children's rehabilitation despite the pressure and grief they experienced. Instead of immersing in grief, they chose to adopt an active and positive mindset toward the adversity. The parents quickly implemented various intensive and high-intensity rehabilitation plans. However, the parents gradually recognized that they could not accompany their children for their entire lives. They began to "shrink" their direct involvement in their children's rehabilitation. They divided the rehabilitation process into several stages, establishing plans and identifying resources in a step-by-step and goal-oriented manner to accomplish their goals. They also had to consider their children's future careers. Despite feeling weary and exhausted, the parents persisted on the endless road of caregiving, actively seeking out information and resources that could help their children. The parents' resilience comprised six fundamental levels. First, there was a conviction that "action can make a difference," and parents act with the confidence that adversity is predestined but surmountable. Second, with the belief of "I can do it," parents became determined and perseverant. Third, parents were willing to "devote everything," reflecting their altruistic sentiments. Fourth, parents employed the "meaning transfer" strategy to reinterpret obstacles in a positive light. Fifth, a "sacrificing for the greater good" mindset propelled parents toward a problem-oriented or goal-directed approach. Last, parents persisted despite exhaustion, acknowledging their arduous journey with a metaphorical depiction of "the burden is heavy, and the road is long." On the basis of its findings, his study offers several recommendations for counseling practitioners. Coherence in family relationships is indispensable in the process of developing resilience. Closeness between parents can ensure sharing of the workload, and harmony between generations can enhance family coherence, which in turn produces more positive energy to cope with adversity. In addition, counselors should consider both the development of parents' resiliency and their self-care, with the caregivers' needs not be ignored. Many parents tend to neglect their negative emotions when wholeheartedly caring for their children, which can result in the depletion of their physical and mental resources, an effect that is counterproductive to developing resiliency.

参考文献 ( 50 ) 〈TOP〉

王育瑜, Y.-Y.(2011)。「中途障碍」的概念内涵与障碍事件对个体及家庭之冲击：南投县服务提供者观点的探究。台湾社会福利学刊，9，185-234。
连结：
王樱芬, Y.-F.(2020)。依附、忧郁和积极因应对青少年学校生活困扰之影响性研究。教育心理学报，52，191-217。
连结：
余德慧, D.-H.,石世明, S.-M.,夏淑怡, S. -Y.,王英伟, I.-W.(2006)。病床陪伴的心理机制：一个二元复合模式的提出。应用心理研究，29，71-100。
连结：
利翠珊, T.-S.(2006)。华人婚姻韧性的形成与变化：概念厘清与理论建构。本土心理学刊，25，101-137。
连结：
利翠珊, T.-S.,萧英玲, Y.-L.(2008)。压力下婚姻韧性的展现：夫妻感情与互动行为之影响。应用心理研究，38，151-172。
连结：

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