國小高年級學童所知覺之父母管教行為與心理社會適應之關聯

程景琳

doi:10.3966/172851862017120050006

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P161 - 187

社会科学 > 心理学
社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.7082/CJGC

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国小高年级学童所知觉之父母管教行为与心理社会适应之关联

The Associations between Perceived Parenting Behavior and Psychosocial Adjustment of Elementary School Students

程景琳(Ching-Ling Cheng)

中华辅导与谘商学报； 50 期 (2017 / 12 / 01) ， P161 - 187

繁体中文 DOI： 10.3966/172851862017120050006

父母管教行为；心理社会适应；心理控制；行为控制；前青少年期； Behavioral control ； parenting behavior ； preadolescence ； psychological control ； psychosocial adjustment

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (51) │ 被引用文献 (2) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

并列摘要〈TOP〉

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between elementary school students' perceived controlling parenting and their psychosocial maladjustment. In the present study, controlling parenting was represented by psychological as well as behavioral control. Psychological control refers to parenting behavior that constrains and manipulates children's psychological and emotional experiences, while behavioral control refers to parenting behavior that coercively regulates and demands children's behavior and activity. Psychosocial maladjustment was indicated by emotional difficulties (i.e., emotional symptoms and hyperactivity of SDQ) and experiences of peer victimization (i.e., physical and relational victimization). The hypotheses of the present study were: (1) children's perceived paternal and maternal psychological as well as behavioral control would be, respectively, positively associated with psychosocial maladjustment of early adolescents; (2) children's perceived paternal and maternal behavioral control would positively predict their psychosocial maladjustment, respectively, for boys as well as for girls; and (3) children's perceived paternal and maternal psychological control would positively predict their psychosocial maladjustment, respectively, for boys as well as for girls. The participants were 350 fifth-graders (173 girls and 177 boys; mean age = 10.89 years) from 18 classrooms of 8 elementary schools in 6 counties of Taiwan. Children reported how they perceived, respectively, their fathers' and mothers' controlling parenting (i.e., behavioral and psychological control). Participants also self-reported their emotional difficulties and experiences of peer victimization. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted separately, by gender of children, for two different forms of parental control to examine the associations between paternal as well as maternal control and children's psychosocial maladjustment. The results demonstrated that the psychological and behavioral forms of controlling parenting delivered by fathers and mothers respectively were associated with children's emotional difficulties and peer victimization. With regard to the effect of behavioral control parenting, the model fit was first examined on all subjects and then separately on boy and girl samples. The SEM results showed that the estimated model was accepted in the girl sample (χ^2 = 19.56, p ＞ .05; RMSEA = .05, CFI = .99, SRMR = .06), but not in the boy sample. Furthermore, there were significant influences of maternal behavioral control on girls' emotional difficulty (γ = .38, p ＜ .01) and peer victimization (γ = .45, p ＜ .001); however, there was no significant effect of paternal behavioral control on girls' psychosocial maladjustment. Thus, while simultaneously considering the effects of behavioral control from fathers and mothers, for young adolescent boys, neither their perceived paternal or maternal behavioral controlling parenting would significantly predict their psychosocial maladjustment. On the other hand, the perceived maternal behavior control of young adolescent girls would predict their psychosocial maladjustment, but not the perceived paternal behavioral control. With regard to the effect of psychological control parenting, the SEM results demonstrated that the estimated models were both accepted in boy (χ^2 = 17.31, p ＞ .05; RMSEA = .05, CFI = .99, SRMR = .04) and girl samples (χ^2= 11.44, p ＞ .05; RMSEA = .00, CFI = 1.00, SRMR = .03). In addition, in boy sample, there was significant influence of paternal psychological control on boys' maladjustment (γ of emotional difficulty = .70, p ＜ .001; γ of peer victimization = .60, p ＜ .001), but no significant maternal influence. On the other hand, in girl sample, there was significant influence of maternal psychological control on girls' maladjustment (γ of emotional difficulty = .63, p ＜ .001; γ of peer victimization = .51, p ＜ .001), but no significant paternal influence. The findings thus demonstrated that, while considering simultaneously the effects of paternal and maternal psychological control, young adolescent boys with higher levels of perceived paternal psychological control tend to have more psychosocial maladjustment, and young adolescent girls with higher levels of perceived maternal psychological control tend to have more psychosocial maladjustment. This is the first study at Taiwan to examine how both paternal and maternal parenting in forms of behavioral as well as psychological control might relate to psychosocial adjustment of preadolescents, with child gender as the moderating factor. Briefly, for boys, only paternal psychological control was associated with their psychosocial maladjustment. For girls, both maternal psychological and behavioral control was related to their psychosocial maladjustment. Implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the harmful effects of parental control on elementary school students' psychosocial adjustment were further discussed.

参考文献 ( 51 ) 〈TOP〉

李茂能(2012)。变项中心化与多元共线性的玄机。测验统计年刊，20，25-52。
连结：
柯澍馨、&陈怡文(2007)。父母婚姻关系、父母控制对青少年子女婚前性行为影响之研究。台湾性学学刊，13，31-50。
连结：
陈婉琪、徐崇伦(2011)。爱的教育，铁的纪律？父母教养方式与青少年心理健康之相关。教育研究集刊，57，121-154。
连结：
程景琳(2014)。「父母心理控制量表」之编制研究。测验学刊，61，239-258。
连结：
程景琳、陈虹仰(2015)。父亲及母亲心理控制行为与子女同侪受害的关联：社交焦虑的中介影响。教育心理学报，46，357-375。
连结：

被引用文献 ( 2 ) 〈TOP〉

葉光辉,吴志文,何文泽(2019)。知觉父母冲突沟通模式对青少年生活适应的影响：探讨冲突情绪调控策略的中介效果。人类发展与家庭学报，20，24-63。
(2017)。主编的话─文化脉络中的危机、转机与复原力：本土谘商心理学研究的方向、目标与策略。中华辅导与谘商学报，50，1-28。

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